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<div class="section" id="array-helper">
<h1>Array Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#array-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Array Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
arrays.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;array&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="element">
<code class="descname">element</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$item</em>, <em>$array</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#element" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$item</strong> (<em>string</em>) Item to fetch from the array</li>
<li><strong>$array</strong> (<em>array</em>) Input array</li>
<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>bool</em>) What to return if the array isnt valid</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">NULL on failure or the array item.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you fetch an item from an array. The function tests whether the
array index is set and whether it has a value. If a value exists it is
returned. If a value does not exist it returns NULL, or whatever youve
specified as the default value via the third parameter.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;round&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;size&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">element</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// returns &quot;red&quot;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">element</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;size&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;foobar&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// returns &quot;foobar&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="elements">
<code class="descname">elements</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$items</em>, <em>$array</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#elements" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$item</strong> (<em>string</em>) Item to fetch from the array</li>
<li><strong>$array</strong> (<em>array</em>) Input array</li>
<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>bool</em>) What to return if the array isnt valid</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">NULL on failure or the array item.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you fetch a number of items from an array. The function tests
whether each of the array indices is set. If an index does not exist it
is set to NULL, or whatever youve specified as the default value via
the third parameter.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;round&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;radius&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;10&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;diameter&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;20&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$my_shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">elements</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above will return the following array:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;round&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">NULL</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can set the third parameter to any default value you like.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$my_shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">elements</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;foobar&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above will return the following array:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;round&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;foobar&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is useful when sending the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></code> array to one of your Models.
This prevents users from sending additional POST data to be entered into
your tables.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;post_model&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post_model</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">update</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="nx">elements</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This ensures that only the id, title and content fields are sent to be
updated.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="random_element">
<code class="descname">random_element</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$array</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#random_element" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$array</strong> (<em>array</em>) Input array</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A random element from the array</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes an array as input and returns a random element from it.</p>
<p>Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$quotes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have. - Thomas Jefferson&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;Don&#39;t stay in bed, unless you can make money in bed. - George Burns&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;We didn&#39;t lose the game; we just ran out of time. - Vince Lombardi&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;If everything seems under control, you&#39;re not going fast enough. - Mario Andretti&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one. - Albert Einstein&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;Chance favors the prepared mind - Louis Pasteur&quot;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">random_element</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$quotes</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
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<div class="section" id="captcha-helper">
<h1>CAPTCHA Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#captcha-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The CAPTCHA Helper file contains functions that assist in creating
CAPTCHA images.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-captcha-helper" id="id2">Using the CAPTCHA helper</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-a-database" id="id3">Adding a Database</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id4">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;captcha&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-the-captcha-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Using the CAPTCHA helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-captcha-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Once loaded you can generate a CAPTCHA like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$vals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;word&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Random word&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;img_path&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;./captcha/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;img_url&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/captcha/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;font_path&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;./path/to/fonts/texb.ttf&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;img_width&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;150&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;img_height&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;expiration&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">7200</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;word_length&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;font_size&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;img_id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Imageid&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;pool&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="c1">// White background and border, black text and red grid</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;colors&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;background&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;border&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;grid&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$cap</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">create_captcha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$vals</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$cap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>The captcha function requires the GD image library.</li>
<li>Only the <strong>img_path</strong> and <strong>img_url</strong> are required.</li>
<li>If a <strong>word</strong> is not supplied, the function will generate a random
ASCII string. You might put together your own word library that you
can draw randomly from.</li>
<li>If you do not specify a path to a TRUE TYPE font, the native ugly GD
font will be used.</li>
<li>The “captcha” directory must be writable</li>
<li>The <strong>expiration</strong> (in seconds) signifies how long an image will remain
in the captcha folder before it will be deleted. The default is two
hours.</li>
<li><strong>word_length</strong> defaults to 8, <strong>pool</strong> defaults to 0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ</li>
<li><strong>font_size</strong> defaults to 16, the native GD font has a size limit. Specify a “true type” font for bigger sizes.</li>
<li>The <strong>img_id</strong> will be set as the “id” of the captcha image.</li>
<li>If any of the <strong>colors</strong> values is missing, it will be replaced by the default.</li>
</ul>
<div class="section" id="adding-a-database">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Adding a Database</a><a class="headerlink" href="#adding-a-database" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>In order for the captcha function to prevent someone from submitting,
you will need to add the information returned from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">create_captcha()</span></code>
to your database. Then, when the data from the form is submitted by
the user you will need to verify that the data exists in the database
and has not expired.</p>
<p>Here is a table prototype:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">CREATE</span> <span class="nx">TABLE</span> <span class="nx">captcha</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="nx">captcha_id</span> <span class="nx">bigint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">unsigned</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="nx">auto_increment</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nx">captcha_time</span> <span class="nx">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">unsigned</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nx">ip_address</span> <span class="nx">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nx">word</span> <span class="nx">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nx">PRIMARY</span> <span class="nx">KEY</span> <span class="sb">`captcha_id`</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="sb">`captcha_id`</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="nx">KEY</span> <span class="sb">`word`</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="sb">`word`</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Here is an example of usage with a database. On the page where the
CAPTCHA will be shown youll have something like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;captcha&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$vals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;img_path&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;./captcha/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;img_url&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/captcha/&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$cap</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">create_captcha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$vals</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;captcha_time&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$cap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;time&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;ip_address&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">ip_address</span><span class="p">(),</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;word&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$cap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;word&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">insert_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;captcha&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Submit the word you see below:&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$cap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;captcha&quot; value=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Then, on the page that accepts the submission youll have something like
this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// First, delete old captchas</span>
<span class="nv">$expiration</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">7200</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// Two hour limit</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">where</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;captcha_time &lt; &#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$expiration</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;captcha&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Then see if a captcha exists:</span>
<span class="nv">$sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM captcha WHERE word = ? AND ip_address = ? AND captcha_time &gt; ?&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$binds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;captcha&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">ip_address</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="nv">$expiration</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$binds</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">row</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">count</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;You must submit the word that appears in the image.&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="create_captcha">
<code class="descname">create_captcha</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$img_path = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$img_url = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$font_path = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#create_captcha" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) Array of data for the CAPTCHA</li>
<li><strong>$img_path</strong> (<em>string</em>) Path to create the image in (DEPRECATED)</li>
<li><strong>$img_url</strong> (<em>string</em>) URL to the CAPTCHA image folder (DEPRECATED)</li>
<li><strong>$font_path</strong> (<em>string</em>) Server path to font (DEPRECATED)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">array(word =&gt; $word, time =&gt; $now, image =&gt; $img)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes an array of information to generate the CAPTCHA as input and
creates the image to your specifications, returning an array of
associative data about the image.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">IMAGE</span> <span class="nx">TAG</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;time&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">in</span> <span class="nb">microtime</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;word&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">CAPTCHA</span> <span class="nx">WORD</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <strong>image</strong> is the actual image tag:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">img</span> <span class="nx">src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/captcha/12345.jpg&quot;</span> <span class="nx">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;140&quot;</span> <span class="nx">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;50&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The <strong>time</strong> is the micro timestamp used as the image name without the
file extension. It will be a number like this: 1139612155.3422</p>
<p>The <strong>word</strong> is the word that appears in the captcha image, which if not
supplied to the function, will be a random string.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Usage of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$img_path</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$img_url</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$font_path</span></code>
parameters is DEPRECATED. Provide them in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data</span></code> array
instead.</p>
</div>
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<div class="section" id="cookie-helper">
<h1>Cookie Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#cookie-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Cookie Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
cookies.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cookie&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="set_cookie">
<code class="descname">set_cookie</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$expire = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$domain = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$path = '/'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$prefix = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$secure = NULL</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$httponly = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#set_cookie" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) Cookie name <em>or</em> associative array of all of the parameters available to this function</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cookie value</li>
<li><strong>$expire</strong> (<em>int</em>) Number of seconds until expiration</li>
<li><strong>$domain</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cookie domain (usually: .yourdomain.com)</li>
<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cookie path</li>
<li><strong>$prefix</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cookie name prefix</li>
<li><strong>$secure</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to only send the cookie through HTTPS</li>
<li><strong>$httponly</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to hide the cookie from JavaScript</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This helper function gives you friendlier syntax to set browser
cookies. Refer to the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a> for
a description of its use, as this function is an alias for
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Input::set_cookie()</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="get_cookie">
<code class="descname">get_cookie</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$index</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$xss_clean = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_cookie" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$index</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cookie name</li>
<li><strong>$xss_clean</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to apply XSS filtering to the returned value</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The cookie value or NULL if not found</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This helper function gives you friendlier syntax to get browser
cookies. Refer to the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a> for
detailed description of its use, as this function acts very
similarly to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Input::cookie()</span></code>, except it will also prepend
the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['cookie_prefix']</span></code> that you mightve set in your
<em>application/config/config.php</em> file.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="delete_cookie">
<code class="descname">delete_cookie</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$domain = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$path = '/'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$prefix = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#delete_cookie" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cookie name</li>
<li><strong>$domain</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cookie domain (usually: .yourdomain.com)</li>
<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cookie path</li>
<li><strong>$prefix</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cookie name prefix</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you delete a cookie. Unless youve set a custom path or other
values, only the name of the cookie is needed.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">delete_cookie</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This function is otherwise identical to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_cookie()</span></code>, except that it
does not have the value and expiration parameters. You can submit an
array of values in the first parameter or you can set discrete
parameters.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">delete_cookie</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$domain</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$prefix</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
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<div class="section" id="directory-helper">
<h1>Directory Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#directory-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Directory Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
directories.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;directory&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="directory_map">
<code class="descname">directory_map</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$source_dir</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$directory_depth = 0</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$hidden = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#directory_map" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$source_dir</strong> (<em>string</em>) Path to the source directory</li>
<li><strong>$directory_depth</strong> (<em>int</em>) Depth of directories to traverse (0 = fully recursive, 1 = current dir, etc)</li>
<li><strong>$hidden</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to include hidden directories</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array of files</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Examples:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$map</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">directory_map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./mydirectory/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Paths are almost always relative to your main index.php file.</p>
</div>
<p>Sub-folders contained within the directory will be mapped as well. If
you wish to control the recursion depth, you can do so using the second
parameter (integer). A depth of 1 will only map the top level directory:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$map</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">directory_map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./mydirectory/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>By default, hidden files will not be included in the returned array. To
override this behavior, you may set a third parameter to true (boolean):</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$map</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">directory_map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./mydirectory/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Each folder name will be an array index, while its contained files will
be numerically indexed. Here is an example of a typical array:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Array</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">libraries</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">Array</span>
<span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">benchmark</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;database/&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">Array</span>
<span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">query_builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">binds</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">configuration</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">connecting</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">examples</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">fields</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">queries</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">email</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">file_uploading</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">image_lib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">input</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">language</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">loader</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">pagination</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">uri</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
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<h1>Download Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#download-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Download Helper lets you download data to your desktop.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;download&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="force_download">
<code class="descname">force_download</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$filename = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$set_mime = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#force_download" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$filename</strong> (<em>string</em>) Filename</li>
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) File contents</li>
<li><strong>$set_mime</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to try to send the actual MIME type</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Generates server headers which force data to be downloaded to your
desktop. Useful with file downloads. The first parameter is the <strong>name
you want the downloaded file to be named</strong>, the second parameter is the
file data.</p>
<p>If you set the second parameter to NULL and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$filename</span></code> is an existing, readable
file path, then its content will be read instead.</p>
<p>If you set the third parameter to boolean TRUE, then the actual file MIME type
(based on the filename extension) will be sent, so that if your browser has a
handler for that type - it can use it.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Here is some text!&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mytext.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nx">force_download</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you want to download an existing file from your server youll need to
do the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Contents of photo.jpg will be automatically read</span>
<span class="nx">force_download</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/photo.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="section" id="email-helper">
<h1>Email Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#email-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Email Helper provides some assistive functions for working with
Email. For a more robust email solution, see CodeIgniters <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html"><span class="doc">Email
Class</span></a>.</p>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">The Email helper is DEPRECATED and is currently
only kept for backwards compatibility.</p>
</div>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="valid_email">
<code class="descname">valid_email</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$email</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#valid_email" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$email</strong> (<em>string</em>) E-mail address</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if a valid email is supplied, FALSE otherwise</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Checks if the input is a correctly formatted e-mail address. Note that is
doesnt actually prove that the address will be able recieve mail, but
simply that it is a validly formed address.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">valid_email</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email@somesite.com&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;email is valid&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;email is not valid&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>All that this function does is to use PHPs native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter_var()</span></code>:</p>
<div class="last highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">bool</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">filter_var</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$email</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="send_email">
<code class="descname">send_email</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$recipient</em>, <em>$subject</em>, <em>$message</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#send_email" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$recipient</strong> (<em>string</em>) E-mail address</li>
<li><strong>$subject</strong> (<em>string</em>) Mail subject</li>
<li><strong>$message</strong> (<em>string</em>) Message body</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if the mail was successfully sent, FALSE in case of an error</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sends an email using PHPs native <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/function.mail">mail()</a>
function.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>All that this function does is to use PHPs native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mail</span></code></p>
<div class="last highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">mail</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$recipient</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$subject</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$message</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>For a more robust email solution, see CodeIgniters <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html"><span class="doc">Email Library</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
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<div class="section" id="file-helper">
<h1>File Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#file-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The File Helper file contains functions that assist in working with files.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="read_file">
<code class="descname">read_file</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$file</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#read_file" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$file</strong> (<em>string</em>) File path</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">File contents or FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the data contained in the file specified in the path.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">read_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./path/to/file.php&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The path can be a relative or full server path. Returns FALSE (boolean) on failure.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The path is relative to your main site index.php file, NOT your
controller or view files. CodeIgniter uses a front controller so paths
are always relative to the main site index.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file_get_contents()</span></code>
instead.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">If your server is running an <strong>open_basedir</strong> restriction this
function might not work if you are trying to access a file above the
calling script.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="write_file">
<code class="descname">write_file</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$path</em>, <em>$data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$mode = 'wb'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#write_file" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) File path</li>
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>string</em>) Data to write to file</li>
<li><strong>$mode</strong> (<em>string</em>) <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fopen()</span></code> mode</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if the write was successful, FALSE in case of an error</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Writes data to the file specified in the path. If the file does not exist then the
function will create it.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Some file data&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">!</span> <span class="nx">write_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./path/to/file.php&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Unable to write the file&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;File written!&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can optionally set the write mode via the third parameter:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">write_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./path/to/file.php&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;r+&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The default mode is wb. Please see the <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/manual/en/function.fopen.php">PHP user guide</a>
for mode options.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The path is relative to your main site index.php file, NOT your
controller or view files. CodeIgniter uses a front controller so paths
are always relative to the main site index.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function acquires an exclusive lock on the file while writing to it.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="delete_files">
<code class="descname">delete_files</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$path</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$del_dir = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$htdocs = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#delete_files" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) Directory path</li>
<li><strong>$del_dir</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to also delete directories</li>
<li><strong>$htdocs</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to skip deleting .htaccess and index page files</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE in case of an error</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Deletes ALL files contained in the supplied path.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">delete_files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./path/to/directory/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the second parameter is set to TRUE, any directories contained within the supplied
root path will be deleted as well.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">delete_files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./path/to/directory/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The files must be writable or owned by the system in order to be deleted.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="get_filenames">
<code class="descname">get_filenames</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$source_dir</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$include_path = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_filenames" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$source_dir</strong> (<em>string</em>) Directory path</li>
<li><strong>$include_path</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to include the path as part of the filenames</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array of file names</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes a server path as input and returns an array containing the names of all files
contained within it. The file path can optionally be added to the file names by setting
the second parameter to TRUE.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$controllers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">get_filenames</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">APPPATH</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39;controllers/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="get_dir_file_info">
<code class="descname">get_dir_file_info</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$source_dir</em>, <em>$top_level_only</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_dir_file_info" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$source_dir</strong> (<em>string</em>) Directory path</li>
<li><strong>$top_level_only</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to look only at the specified directory (excluding sub-directories)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array containing info on the supplied directorys contents</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Reads the specified directory and builds an array containing the filenames, filesize,
dates, and permissions. Sub-folders contained within the specified path are only read
if forced by sending the second parameter to FALSE, as this can be an intensive
operation.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$models_info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">get_dir_file_info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">APPPATH</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39;models/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="get_file_info">
<code class="descname">get_file_info</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$file</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$returned_values = array('name'</em>, <em>'server_path'</em>, <em>'size'</em>, <em>'date')</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_file_info" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$file</strong> (<em>string</em>) File path</li>
<li><strong>$returned_values</strong> (<em>array</em>) What type of info to return</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array containing info on the specified file or FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Given a file and path, returns (optionally) the <em>name</em>, <em>path</em>, <em>size</em> and <em>date modified</em>
information attributes for a file. Second parameter allows you to explicitly declare what
information you want returned.</p>
<p>Valid <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$returned_values</span></code> options are: <cite>name</cite>, <cite>size</cite>, <cite>date</cite>, <cite>readable</cite>, <cite>writeable</cite>,
<cite>executable</cite> and <cite>fileperms</cite>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="get_mime_by_extension">
<code class="descname">get_mime_by_extension</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_mime_by_extension" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$filename</strong> (<em>string</em>) File name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">MIME type string or FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Translates a filename extension into a MIME type based on <em>config/mimes.php</em>.
Returns FALSE if it cant determine the type, or read the MIME config file.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;somefile.png&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$file</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39; is has a mime type of &#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">get_mime_by_extension</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This is not an accurate way of determining file MIME types, and
is here strictly for convenience. It should not be used for security
purposes.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="symbolic_permissions">
<code class="descname">symbolic_permissions</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$perms</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symbolic_permissions" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$perms</strong> (<em>int</em>) Permissions</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Symbolic permissions string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes numeric permissions (such as is returned by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fileperms()</span></code>) and returns
standard symbolic notation of file permissions.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">symbolic_permissions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">fileperms</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./index.php&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span> <span class="c1">// -rw-r--r--</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="octal_permissions">
<code class="descname">octal_permissions</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$perms</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#octal_permissions" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$perms</strong> (<em>int</em>) Permissions</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Octal permissions string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes numeric permissions (such as is returned by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fileperms()</span></code>) and returns
a three character octal notation of file permissions.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">octal_permissions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">fileperms</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./index.php&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span> <span class="c1">// 644</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="section" id="inflector-helper">
<h1>Inflector Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#inflector-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Inflector Helper file contains functions that permits you to change
<strong>English</strong> words to plural, singular, camel case, etc.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;inflector&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="singular">
<code class="descname">singular</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#singular" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A singular word</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Changes a plural word to singular. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">singular</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;dogs&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;dog&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="plural">
<code class="descname">plural</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#plural" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A plural word</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Changes a singular word to plural. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">plural</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;dog&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;dogs&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="camelize">
<code class="descname">camelize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#camelize" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Camelized string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Changes a string of words separated by spaces or underscores to camel
case. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">camelize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_dog_spot&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;myDogSpot&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="underscore">
<code class="descname">underscore</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#underscore" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String containing underscores instead of spaces</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes multiple words separated by spaces and underscores them.
Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">underscore</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my dog spot&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;my_dog_spot&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="humanize">
<code class="descname">humanize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$separator = '_'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#humanize" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
<li><strong>$separator</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input separator</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Humanized string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes multiple words separated by underscores and adds spaces between
them. Each word is capitalized.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">humanize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_dog_spot&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;My Dog Spot&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To use dashes instead of underscores:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">humanize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my-dog-spot&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;-&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;My Dog Spot&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="word_is_countable">
<code class="descname">word_is_countable</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$word</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#word_is_countable" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$word</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if the word is countable or FALSE if not</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Checks if the given word has a plural version. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">word_is_countable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;equipment&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns FALSE</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function used to be called <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">is_countable()</span></code> in
in previous CodeIgniter versions.</p>
</div>
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<h1>Language Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#language-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Language Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
language files.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;language&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="lang">
<code class="descname">lang</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$line</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$for = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#lang" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$line</strong> (<em>string</em>) Language line key</li>
<li><strong>$for</strong> (<em>string</em>) HTML “for” attribute (ID of the element were creating a label for)</li>
<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) Any additional HTML attributes</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The language line; in an HTML label tag, if the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$for</span></code> parameter is not empty</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function returns a line of text from a loaded language file with
simplified syntax that may be more desirable for view files than
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Lang::line()</span></code>.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">lang</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;language_key&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Outputs: Language line</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">lang</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;language_key&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;form_item_id&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;myClass&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="c1">// Outputs: &lt;label for=&quot;form_item_id&quot; class=&quot;myClass&quot;&gt;Language line&lt;/label&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
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<h1>Number Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#number-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Number Helper file contains functions that help you work with
numeric data.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;number&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="byte_format">
<code class="descname">byte_format</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$num</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$precision = 1</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#byte_format" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$num</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) Number of bytes</li>
<li><strong>$precision</strong> (<em>int</em>) Floating point precision</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Formatted data size string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Formats numbers as bytes, based on size, and adds the appropriate
suffix. Examples:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">456</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 456 Bytes</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4567</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 4.5 KB</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">45678</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 44.6 KB</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">456789</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 447.8 KB</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3456789</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 3.3 MB</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12345678912345</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 1.8 GB</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">123456789123456789</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 11,228.3 TB</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>An optional second parameter allows you to set the precision of the
result:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">45678</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 44.61 KB</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The text generated by this function is found in the following
language file: <em>language/&lt;your_lang&gt;/number_lang.php</em></p>
</div>
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<h1>Path Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#path-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Path Helper file contains functions that permits you to work with
file paths on the server.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;path&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="set_realpath">
<code class="descname">set_realpath</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$path</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$check_existance = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#set_realpath" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) Path</li>
<li><strong>$check_existance</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to check if the path actually exists</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An absolute path</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function will return a server path without symbolic links or
relative directory structures. An optional second argument will
cause an error to be triggered if the path cannot be resolved.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_realpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini&#39;</span>
<span class="nv">$non_existent_file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/non-exist-file.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_realpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$non_existent_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Shows an error, as the path cannot be resolved</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_realpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$non_existent_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;/path/to/non-exist-file.txt&#39;</span>
<span class="nv">$directory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/etc/php5&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_realpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$directory</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;/etc/php5/&#39;</span>
<span class="nv">$non_existent_directory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/nowhere&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_realpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$non_existent_directory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Shows an error, as the path cannot be resolved</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_realpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$non_existent_directory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;/path/to/nowhere&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="section" id="security-helper">
<h1>Security Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#security-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Security Helper file contains security related functions.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;security&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="xss_clean">
<code class="descname">xss_clean</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$is_image = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xss_clean" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input data</li>
<li><strong>$is_image</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether were dealing with an image</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">XSS-clean string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Provides Cross Site Script Hack filtering.</p>
<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Input::xss_clean()</span></code>. For more info,
please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a> documentation.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="sanitize_filename">
<code class="descname">sanitize_filename</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#sanitize_filename" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$filename</strong> (<em>string</em>) Filename</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Sanitized file name</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Provides protection against directory traversal.</p>
<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Security::sanitize_filename()</span></code>.
For more info, please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html"><span class="doc">Security Library</span></a>
documentation.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="do_hash">
<code class="descname">do_hash</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$type = 'sha1'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#do_hash" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input</li>
<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) Algorithm</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Hex-formatted hash</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to create one way hashes suitable for encrypting
passwords. Will use SHA1 by default.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/function.hash_algos">hash_algos()</a>
for a full list of supported algorithms.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">do_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// SHA1</span>
<span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">do_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;md5&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// MD5</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function was formerly named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dohash()</span></code>, which has been
removed in favor of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">do_hash()</span></code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hash()</span></code> instead.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="strip_image_tags">
<code class="descname">strip_image_tags</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#strip_image_tags" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The input string with no image tags</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This is a security function that will strip image tags from a string.
It leaves the image URL as plain text.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">strip_image_tags</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Security::strip_image_tags()</span></code>. For
more info, please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html"><span class="doc">Security Library</span></a>
documentation.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="encode_php_tags">
<code class="descname">encode_php_tags</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#encode_php_tags" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Safely formatted string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This is a security function that converts PHP tags to entities.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference internal" href="#xss_clean" title="xss_clean"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">xss_clean()</span></code></a> does this automatically, if you use it.</p>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">encode_php_tags</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<div class="section" id="smiley-helper">
<h1>Smiley Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#smiley-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Smiley Helper file contains functions that let you manage smileys
(emoticons).</p>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">The Smiley helper is DEPRECATED and should not be used.
It is currently only kept for backwards compatibility.</p>
</div>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#overview" id="id2">Overview</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#clickable-smileys-tutorial" id="id3">Clickable Smileys Tutorial</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-controller" id="id4">The Controller</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#field-aliases" id="id5">Field Aliases</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id6">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;smiley&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="overview">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Overview</a><a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The Smiley helper has a renderer that takes plain text smileys, like
:-) and turns them into a image representation, like <img alt="smile!" src="../_images/smile.gif" /></p>
<p>It also lets you display a set of smiley images that when clicked will
be inserted into a form field. For example, if you have a blog that
allows user commenting you can show the smileys next to the comment
form. Your users can click a desired smiley and with the help of some
JavaScript it will be placed into the form field.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="clickable-smileys-tutorial">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Clickable Smileys Tutorial</a><a class="headerlink" href="#clickable-smileys-tutorial" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Here is an example demonstrating how you might create a set of clickable
smileys next to a form field. This example requires that you first
download and install the smiley images, then create a controller and the
View as described.</p>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">Before you begin, please <a class="reference external" href="https://ellislab.com/asset/ci_download_files/smileys.zip">download the smiley images</a>
and put them in a publicly accessible place on your server.
This helper also assumes you have the smiley replacement array
located at <cite>application/config/smileys.php</cite></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-controller">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">The Controller</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-controller" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>In your <strong>application/controllers/</strong> directory, create a file called
Smileys.php and place the code below in it.</p>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">Change the URL in the <a class="reference internal" href="#get_clickable_smileys" title="get_clickable_smileys"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_clickable_smileys()</span></code></a>
function below so that it points to your smiley folder.</p>
</div>
<p>Youll notice that in addition to the smiley helper, we are also using
the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html"><span class="doc">Table Class</span></a>:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Smileys</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;smiley&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$image_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">get_clickable_smileys</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/images/smileys/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;comments&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$col_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">make_columns</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$image_array</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;smiley_table&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$col_array</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;smiley_view&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In your <strong>application/views/</strong> directory, create a file called <strong>smiley_view.php</strong>
and place this code in it:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">Smileys</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">smiley_js</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">form</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">textarea</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;comments&quot;</span> <span class="na">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;comments&quot;</span> <span class="na">cols</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;40&quot;</span> <span class="na">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;4&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">textarea</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">form</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Click to insert a smiley!<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$smiley_table</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">&gt;</span> <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
When you have created the above controller and view, load it by visiting http://www.example.com/index.php/smileys/
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="field-aliases">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Field Aliases</a><a class="headerlink" href="#field-aliases" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>When making changes to a view it can be inconvenient to have the field
id in the controller. To work around this, you can give your smiley
links a generic name that will be tied to a specific id in your view.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$image_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">get_smiley_links</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/images/smileys/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;comment_textarea_alias&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To map the alias to the field id, pass them both into the
<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">smiley_js()</span></code> function:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$image_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">smiley_js</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;comment_textarea_alias&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;comments&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="get_clickable_smileys">
<code class="descname">get_clickable_smileys</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$image_url</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$alias = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$smileys = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_clickable_smileys" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$image_url</strong> (<em>string</em>) URL path to the smileys directory</li>
<li><strong>$alias</strong> (<em>string</em>) Field alias</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array of ready to use smileys</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns an array containing your smiley images wrapped in a clickable
link. You must supply the URL to your smiley folder and a field id or
field alias.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$image_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">get_clickable_smileys</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/images/smileys/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;comment&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="smiley_js">
<code class="descname">smiley_js</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$alias = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$field_id = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$inline = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smiley_js" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$alias</strong> (<em>string</em>) Field alias</li>
<li><strong>$field_id</strong> (<em>string</em>) Field ID</li>
<li><strong>$inline</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether were inserting an inline smiley</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Smiley-enabling JavaScript code</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Generates the JavaScript that allows the images to be clicked and
inserted into a form field. If you supplied an alias instead of an id
when generating your smiley links, you need to pass the alias and
corresponding form id into the function. This function is designed to be
placed into the &lt;head&gt; area of your web page.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">smiley_js</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="parse_smileys">
<code class="descname">parse_smileys</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$str = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$image_url = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$smileys = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#parse_smileys" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Text containing smiley codes</li>
<li><strong>$image_url</strong> (<em>string</em>) URL path to the smileys directory</li>
<li><strong>$smileys</strong> (<em>array</em>) An array of smileys</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Parsed smileys</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes a string of text as input and replaces any contained plain text
smileys into the image equivalent. The first parameter must contain your
string, the second must contain the URL to your smiley folder</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Here are some smileys: :-) ;-)&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">parse_smileys</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/images/smileys/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="section" id="string-helper">
<h1>String Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#string-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The String Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
strings.</p>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">Please note that these functions are NOT intended, nor
suitable to be used for any kind of security-related logic.</p>
</div>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;string&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="random_string">
<code class="descname">random_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'alnum'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$len = 8</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#random_string" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) Randomization type</li>
<li><strong>$len</strong> (<em>int</em>) Output string length</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A random string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Generates a random string based on the type and length you specify.
Useful for creating passwords or generating random hashes.</p>
<p>The first parameter specifies the type of string, the second parameter
specifies the length. The following choices are available:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><strong>alpha</strong>: A string with lower and uppercase letters only.</li>
<li><strong>alnum</strong>: Alpha-numeric string with lower and uppercase characters.</li>
<li><strong>basic</strong>: A random number based on <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mt_rand()</span></code>.</li>
<li><strong>numeric</strong>: Numeric string.</li>
<li><strong>nozero</strong>: Numeric string with no zeros.</li>
<li><strong>md5</strong>: An encrypted random number based on <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">md5()</span></code> (fixed length of 32).</li>
<li><strong>sha1</strong>: An encrypted random number based on <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sha1()</span></code> (fixed length of 40).</li>
</ul>
<p>Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">random_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;alnum&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Usage of the <em>unique</em> and <em>encrypt</em> types is DEPRECATED. They
are just aliases for <em>md5</em> and <em>sha1</em> respectively.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="increment_string">
<code class="descname">increment_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$separator = '_'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$first = 1</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#increment_string" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
<li><strong>$separator</strong> (<em>string</em>) Separator to append a duplicate number with</li>
<li><strong>$first</strong> (<em>int</em>) Starting number</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An incremented string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Increments a string by appending a number to it or increasing the
number. Useful for creating “copies” or a file or duplicating database
content which has unique titles or slugs.</p>
<p>Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">increment_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;_&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &quot;file_1&quot;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">increment_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;-&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &quot;file-2&quot;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">increment_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;file_4&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &quot;file_5&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="alternator">
<code class="descname">alternator</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#alternator" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$args</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) A variable number of arguments</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Alternated string(s)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Allows two or more items to be alternated between, when cycling through
a loop. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">$i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">alternator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;string one&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;string two&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can add as many parameters as you want, and with each iteration of
your loop the next item will be returned.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">$i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">alternator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;one&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;two&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;three&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;four&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;five&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">To use multiple separate calls to this function simply call the
function with no arguments to re-initialize.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="repeater">
<code class="descname">repeater</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$num = 1</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#repeater" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input</li>
<li><strong>$num</strong> (<em>int</em>) Number of times to repeat</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Repeated string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Generates repeating copies of the data you submit. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">repeater</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above would generate 30 newlines.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">str_repeat()</span></code>
instead.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="reduce_double_slashes">
<code class="descname">reduce_double_slashes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#reduce_double_slashes" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A string with normalized slashes</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Converts double slashes in a string to a single slash, except those
found in URL protocol prefixes (e.g. http://).</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com//index.php&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">reduce_double_slashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// results in &quot;http://example.com/index.php&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="strip_slashes">
<code class="descname">strip_slashes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#strip_slashes" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) Input string or an array of strings</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String(s) with stripped slashes</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Removes any slashes from an array of strings.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;question&#39;</span><span class="nx">  </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Is your name O\&#39;reilly?&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;answer&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;No, my name is O\&#39;connor.&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">strip_slashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above will return the following array:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;question&#39;</span><span class="nx">  </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Is your name O&#39;reilly?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;answer&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;No, my name is O&#39;connor.&quot;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">For historical reasons, this function will also accept
and handle string inputs. This however makes it just an
alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stripslashes()</span></code>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="trim_slashes">
<code class="descname">trim_slashes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#trim_slashes" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Slash-trimmed string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Removes any leading/trailing slashes from a string. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;/this/that/theother/&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">trim_slashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// results in this/that/theother</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">trim()</span></code> instead:
|
| trim($str, /);</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="reduce_multiples">
<code class="descname">reduce_multiples</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$character = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$trim = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#reduce_multiples" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Text to search in</li>
<li><strong>$character</strong> (<em>string</em>) Character to reduce</li>
<li><strong>$trim</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to also trim the specified character</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Reduced string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Reduces multiple instances of a particular character occurring directly
after each other. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Fred, Bill,, Joe, Jimmy&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">reduce_multiples</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">//results in &quot;Fred, Bill, Joe, Jimmy&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the third parameter is set to TRUE it will remove occurrences of the
character at the beginning and the end of the string. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;,Fred, Bill,, Joe, Jimmy,&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">reduce_multiples</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">//results in &quot;Fred, Bill, Joe, Jimmy&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="quotes_to_entities">
<code class="descname">quotes_to_entities</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#quotes_to_entities" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with quotes converted to HTML entities</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Converts single and double quotes in a string to the corresponding HTML
entities. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Joe&#39;s </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">dinner</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">quotes_to_entities</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">//results in &quot;Joe&amp;#39;s &amp;quot;dinner&amp;quot;&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="strip_quotes">
<code class="descname">strip_quotes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#strip_quotes" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with quotes stripped</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Removes single and double quotes from a string. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Joe&#39;s </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">dinner</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">strip_quotes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">//results in &quot;Joes dinner&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</div>
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<h1>Text Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#text-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Text Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
text.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="word_limiter">
<code class="descname">word_limiter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$limit = 100</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$end_char = '&amp;#8230;'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#word_limiter" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
<li><strong>$limit</strong> (<em>int</em>) Limit</li>
<li><strong>$end_char</strong> (<em>string</em>) End character (usually an ellipsis)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Word-limited string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Truncates a string to the number of <em>words</em> specified. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Here is a nice text string consisting of eleven words.&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">word_limiter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Returns: Here is a nice</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The third parameter is an optional suffix added to the string. By
default it adds an ellipsis.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="character_limiter">
<code class="descname">character_limiter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$n = 500</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$end_char = '&amp;#8230;'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#character_limiter" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) Number of characters</li>
<li><strong>$end_char</strong> (<em>string</em>) End character (usually an ellipsis)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Character-limited string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Truncates a string to the number of <em>characters</em> specified. It
maintains the integrity of words so the character count may be slightly
more or less than what you specify.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Here is a nice text string consisting of eleven words.&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">character_limiter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Returns: Here is a nice text string</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The third parameter is an optional suffix added to the string, if
undeclared this helper uses an ellipsis.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you need to truncate to an exact number of characters please
see the <a class="reference internal" href="#ellipsize" title="ellipsize"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">ellipsize()</span></code></a> function below.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="ascii_to_entities">
<code class="descname">ascii_to_entities</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ascii_to_entities" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A string with ASCII values converted to entities</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Converts ASCII values to character entities, including high ASCII and MS
Word characters that can cause problems when used in a web page, so that
they can be shown consistently regardless of browser settings or stored
reliably in a database. There is some dependence on your servers
supported character sets, so it may not be 100% reliable in all cases,
but for the most part it should correctly identify characters outside
the normal range (like accented characters).</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ascii_to_entities</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="convert_accented_characters">
<code class="descname">convert_accented_characters</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#convert_accented_characters" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A string with accented characters converted</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Transliterates high ASCII characters to low ASCII equivalents. Useful
when non-English characters need to be used where only standard ASCII
characters are safely used, for instance, in URLs.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">convert_accented_characters</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function uses a companion config file
<cite>application/config/foreign_chars.php</cite> to define the to and
from array for transliteration.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="word_censor">
<code class="descname">word_censor</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$censored</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$replacement = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#word_censor" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
<li><strong>$censored</strong> (<em>array</em>) List of bad words to censor</li>
<li><strong>$replacement</strong> (<em>string</em>) What to replace bad words with</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Censored string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Enables you to censor words within a text string. The first parameter
will contain the original string. The second will contain an array of
words which you disallow. The third (optional) parameter can contain
a replacement value for the words. If not specified they are replaced
with pound signs: ####.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$disallowed</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;darn&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shucks&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;golly&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;phooey&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">word_censor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$disallowed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Beep!&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="highlight_code">
<code class="descname">highlight_code</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#highlight_code" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with code highlighted via HTML</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Colorizes a string of code (PHP, HTML, etc.). Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">highlight_code</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The function uses PHPs <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">highlight_string()</span></code> function, so the
colors used are the ones specified in your php.ini file.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="highlight_phrase">
<code class="descname">highlight_phrase</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$phrase</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$tag_open = '&lt;mark&gt;'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$tag_close = '&lt;/mark&gt;'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#highlight_phrase" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
<li><strong>$phrase</strong> (<em>string</em>) Phrase to highlight</li>
<li><strong>$tag_open</strong> (<em>string</em>) Opening tag used for the highlight</li>
<li><strong>$tag_close</strong> (<em>string</em>) Closing tag for the highlight</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with a phrase highlighted via HTML</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Will highlight a phrase within a text string. The first parameter will
contain the original string, the second will contain the phrase you wish
to highlight. The third and fourth parameters will contain the
opening/closing HTML tags you would like the phrase wrapped in.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Here is a nice text string about nothing in particular.&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">highlight_phrase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;nice text&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#990000;&quot;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above code prints:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">Here</span> <span class="nx">is</span> <span class="nx">a</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">span</span> <span class="nx">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;color:#990000;&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">nice</span> <span class="nx">text</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nx">string</span> <span class="nx">about</span> <span class="nx">nothing</span> <span class="nx">in</span> <span class="nx">particular</span><span class="o">.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>This function used to use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;strong&gt;</span></code> tag by default. Older browsers
might not support the new HTML5 mark tag, so it is recommended that you
insert the following CSS code into your stylesheet if you need to support
such browsers:</p>
<div class="last highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">mark</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">background</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="c1">#ff0;</span>
<span class="nx">color</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="c1">#000;</span>
<span class="p">};</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="word_wrap">
<code class="descname">word_wrap</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$charlim = 76</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#word_wrap" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
<li><strong>$charlim</strong> (<em>int</em>) Character limit</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Word-wrapped string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Wraps text at the specified <em>character</em> count while maintaining
complete words.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Here is a simple string of text that will help us demonstrate this function.&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">word_wrap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Would produce:</span>
<span class="c1">// Here is a simple string</span>
<span class="c1">// of text that will help us</span>
<span class="c1">// demonstrate this</span>
<span class="c1">// function.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="ellipsize">
<code class="descname">ellipsize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$max_length</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$position = 1</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$ellipsis = '&amp;hellip;'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ellipsize" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
<li><strong>$max_length</strong> (<em>int</em>) String length limit</li>
<li><strong>$position</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) Position to split at (int or float)</li>
<li><strong>$ellipsis</strong> (<em>string</em>) What to use as the ellipsis character</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Ellipsized string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function will strip tags from a string, split it at a defined
maximum length, and insert an ellipsis.</p>
<p>The first parameter is the string to ellipsize, the second is the number
of characters in the final string. The third parameter is where in the
string the ellipsis should appear from 0 - 1, left to right. For
example. a value of 1 will place the ellipsis at the right of the
string, .5 in the middle, and 0 at the left.</p>
<p>An optional forth parameter is the kind of ellipsis. By default,
&amp;hellip; will be inserted.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;this_string_is_entirely_too_long_and_might_break_my_design.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">ellipsize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Produces:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">this_string_is_e</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">hellip</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="nx">ak_my_design</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">jpg</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="section" id="typography-helper">
<h1>Typography Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#typography-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Typography Helper file contains functions that help your format text
in semantically relevant ways.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;typography&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="auto_typography">
<code class="descname">auto_typography</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$reduce_linebreaks = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#auto_typography" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
<li><strong>$reduce_linebreaks</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to reduce multiple instances of double newlines to two</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML-formatted typography-safe string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Formats text so that it is semantically and typographically correct
HTML.</p>
<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Typography::auto_typography()</span></code>.
For more info, please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html"><span class="doc">Typography Library</span></a> documentation.</p>
<p>Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">auto_typography</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Typographic formatting can be processor intensive, particularly if
you have a lot of content being formatted. If you choose to use this
function you may want to consider <a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html"><span class="doc">caching</span></a> your
pages.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="nl2br_except_pre">
<code class="descname">nl2br_except_pre</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nl2br_except_pre" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with HTML-formatted line breaks</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Converts newlines to &lt;br /&gt; tags unless they appear within &lt;pre&gt; tags.
This function is identical to the native PHP <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nl2br()</span></code> function,
except that it ignores &lt;pre&gt; tags.</p>
<p>Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">nl2br_except_pre</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="entity_decode">
<code class="descname">entity_decode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$charset = NULL</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#entity_decode" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
<li><strong>$charset</strong> (<em>string</em>) Character set</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with decoded HTML entities</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Security::entity_decode()</span></code>.
Fore more info, please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html"><span class="doc">Security Library</span></a> documentation.</p>
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<div class="section" id="xml-helper">
<h1>XML Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#xml-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The XML Helper file contains functions that assist in working with XML
data.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
</ul>
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<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;xml&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="available-functions">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="xml_convert">
<code class="descname">xml_convert</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$protect_all = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml_convert" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) the text string to convert</li>
<li><strong>$protect_all</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to protect all content that looks like a potential entity instead of just numbered entities, e.g. &amp;foo;</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">XML-converted string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes a string as input and converts the following reserved XML
characters to entities:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>Ampersands: &amp;</li>
<li>Less than and greater than characters: &lt; &gt;</li>
<li>Single and double quotes: </li>
<li>Dashes: -</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<p>This function ignores ampersands if they are part of existing numbered
character entities, e.g. &amp;#123;. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;p&gt;Here is a paragraph &amp; an entity (&amp;#123;).&lt;/p&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">xml_convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>outputs:</p>
<div class="highlight-html"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ni">&amp;lt;</span>p<span class="ni">&amp;gt;</span>Here is a paragraph <span class="ni">&amp;amp;</span> an entity (<span class="ni">&amp;#123;</span>).<span class="ni">&amp;lt;</span>/p<span class="ni">&amp;gt;</span>
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