615 lines
44 KiB
HTML
615 lines
44 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
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<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>Transactions — CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation</title>
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<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
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<link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
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<link rel="index" title="Index"
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href="../genindex.html"/>
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<link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
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<link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
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<link rel="up" title="Database Reference" href="index.html"/>
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<link rel="next" title="Database Metadata" href="metadata.html"/>
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<link rel="prev" title="Query Builder Class" href="query_builder.html"/>
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<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
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</head>
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<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
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<div id="nav">
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<div id="nav_inner">
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<div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Database Reference</a><ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Transactions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div id="nav2">
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<a href="#" id="openToc">
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<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" />
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<div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
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<nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side">
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<div class="wy-side-nav-search">
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<a href="../index.html" class="fa fa-home"> CodeIgniter</a>
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<div role="search">
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<form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="../search.html" method="get">
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<input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" />
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<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
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</form>
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<div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
|
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</ul>
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</li>
|
|||
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</ul>
|
|||
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<ul>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
|
|||
|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
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<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="current">
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Database Reference</a><ul class="current">
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Transactions</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
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|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
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<li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> »</li>
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<li><a href="index.html">Database Reference</a> »</li>
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<li>Transactions</li>
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<img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
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</ul>
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<hr/>
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<div role="main" class="document">
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|||
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<div class="section" id="transactions">
|
|||
|
|
<h1>Transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#transactions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
|||
|
|
<p>CodeIgniter’s database abstraction allows you to use transactions with
|
|||
|
|
databases that support transaction-safe table types. In MySQL, you’ll
|
|||
|
|
need to be running InnoDB or BDB table types rather than the more common
|
|||
|
|
MyISAM. Most other database platforms support transactions natively.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you are not familiar with transactions we recommend you find a good
|
|||
|
|
online resource to learn about them for your particular database. The
|
|||
|
|
information below assumes you have a basic understanding of
|
|||
|
|
transactions.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="codeigniter-s-approach-to-transactions">
|
|||
|
|
<h2>CodeIgniter’s Approach to Transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#codeigniter-s-approach-to-transactions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>CodeIgniter utilizes an approach to transactions that is very similar to
|
|||
|
|
the process used by the popular database class ADODB. We’ve chosen that
|
|||
|
|
approach because it greatly simplifies the process of running
|
|||
|
|
transactions. In most cases all that is required are two lines of code.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Traditionally, transactions have required a fair amount of work to
|
|||
|
|
implement since they demand that you keep track of your queries and
|
|||
|
|
determine whether to commit or rollback based on the success or failure
|
|||
|
|
of your queries. This is particularly cumbersome with nested queries. In
|
|||
|
|
contrast, we’ve implemented a smart transaction system that does all
|
|||
|
|
this for you automatically (you can also manage your transactions
|
|||
|
|
manually if you choose to, but there’s really no benefit).</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="running-transactions">
|
|||
|
|
<h2>Running Transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#running-transactions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>To run your queries using transactions you will use the
|
|||
|
|
$this->db->trans_start() and $this->db->trans_complete() functions as
|
|||
|
|
follows:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_start</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AN SQL QUERY...'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ANOTHER QUERY...'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AND YET ANOTHER QUERY...'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_complete</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>You can run as many queries as you want between the start/complete
|
|||
|
|
functions and they will all be committed or rolled back based on success
|
|||
|
|
or failure of any given query.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="strict-mode">
|
|||
|
|
<h2>Strict Mode<a class="headerlink" href="#strict-mode" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>By default CodeIgniter runs all transactions in Strict Mode. When strict
|
|||
|
|
mode is enabled, if you are running multiple groups of transactions, if
|
|||
|
|
one group fails all groups will be rolled back. If strict mode is
|
|||
|
|
disabled, each group is treated independently, meaning a failure of one
|
|||
|
|
group will not affect any others.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Strict Mode can be disabled as follows:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_strict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="managing-errors">
|
|||
|
|
<h2>Managing Errors<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-errors" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you have error reporting enabled in your config/database.php file
|
|||
|
|
you’ll see a standard error message if the commit was unsuccessful. If
|
|||
|
|
debugging is turned off, you can manage your own errors like this:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_start</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AN SQL QUERY...'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ANOTHER QUERY...'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_complete</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_status</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="p">{</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="c1">// generate an error... or use the log_message() function to log your error</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="disabling-transactions">
|
|||
|
|
<h2>Disabling Transactions<a class="headerlink" href="#disabling-transactions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you would like to disable transactions you can do so using
|
|||
|
|
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this->db->trans_off()</span></code>:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_off</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_start</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AN SQL QUERY...'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_complete</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>When transactions are disabled, your queries will be auto-committed, just as
|
|||
|
|
they are when running queries without transactions, practically ignoring
|
|||
|
|
any calls to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">trans_start()</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">trans_complete()</span></code>, etc.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="test-mode">
|
|||
|
|
<h2>Test Mode<a class="headerlink" href="#test-mode" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>You can optionally put the transaction system into “test mode”, which
|
|||
|
|
will cause your queries to be rolled back – even if the queries produce
|
|||
|
|
a valid result. To use test mode simply set the first parameter in the
|
|||
|
|
$this->db->trans_start() function to TRUE:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Query will be rolled back</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AN SQL QUERY...'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_complete</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="running-transactions-manually">
|
|||
|
|
<h2>Running Transactions Manually<a class="headerlink" href="#running-transactions-manually" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you would like to run transactions manually you can do so as follows:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_begin</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AN SQL QUERY...'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'ANOTHER QUERY...'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'AND YET ANOTHER QUERY...'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_status</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="p">{</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_rollback</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="k">else</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="p">{</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">trans_commit</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="admonition note">
|
|||
|
|
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p class="last">Make sure to use $this->db->trans_begin() when running manual
|
|||
|
|
transactions, <strong>NOT</strong> $this->db->trans_start().</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
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|
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|
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© Copyright 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
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