649 lines
42 KiB
HTML
649 lines
42 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
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<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>Error Handling — CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation</title>
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<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
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<link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
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<link rel="index" title="Index"
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href="../genindex.html"/>
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<link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
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<link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
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<link rel="up" title="General Topics" href="index.html"/>
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<link rel="next" title="Web Page Caching" href="caching.html"/>
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<link rel="prev" title="URI Routing" href="routing.html"/>
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<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
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</head>
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<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
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<div id="nav">
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<div id="nav_inner">
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<div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">General Topics</a><ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="views.html">Views</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="models.html">Models</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Error Handling</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Caching</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div id="nav2">
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<a href="#" id="openToc">
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<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAgAAZABkAAD/7AARRHVja3kAAQAEAAAARgAA/+4ADkFkb2JlAGTAAAAAAf/bAIQABAMDAwMDBAMDBAYEAwQGBwUEBAUHCAYGBwYGCAoICQkJCQgKCgwMDAwMCgwMDQ0MDBERERERFBQUFBQUFBQUFAEEBQUIBwgPCgoPFA4ODhQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQUFBQU/8AAEQgAKwCaAwERAAIRAQMRAf/EAHsAAQAABwEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABAwQFBgcIAgkBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQAAEDAwICBwYEAgsAAAAAAAIBAwQAEQUSBiEHkROTVNQWGDFBUVIUCHEiMtOUFWGBobHRQlMkZIRVEQEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDSC+ygkOOaUoKigUCgUCgUCgUCgUCgUCgUCgkuGguIP9FBMFb0Hqg7We+3jlmIqqYFf4ub+/QYlnOR/LqIBKGFUbf8qWv971BytQXXE7Y3Lnm3HsFhp2TaZJAdchRXpIgSpdEJWxJEW3xoKV7F5OMy7JkQn2o7D6w33XGjEAkoiqrJEqIiOIiKuhePCgqp22dyYyS3CyWHnQ5joG61HkRnmnTbaFSMhExRVQRRVJU9iUHjE7ez+fJ0MFipmUNhBV8YUd2SoIV9KkjQla9ltegttBdPLW4/qocL+UTfrMiHW4+P9M71shuyrqaHTcxsl7jegpsji8nh5ZwMvDfgTm0RTjSmjYdFCS6KoOIipdFunCgmNYTMv457MMY6U7iI6oMieDDhRm1VbIhuoOkbqtuK0Hpzb+eZcYZexUxt6UyUqK2cd0SdjtgrhOgijcgERUlJOCIl6CpgbP3blRI8XgMjNARAyKNDfeRBdFDBVUAXgQrqH4pxoJTu2NysY97LP4ac1io5q1InHFeGO24LnVKJuKOkSQ/yKir+rh7aCLG1dzypZQI2FnvTgccYOM3FeN0XWERXAUEFVQgQkUktdLpegm+Td3/Xli/L+S/mYNJIOF9G/wBeLKrZHFb0akG6W1WtQWSg3Dyg5e7V3fipE3O4/wCrktyzYA+ufas2LbZIlmnAT2kvuoN1wft95augilglX/tzP3qCu9O3LL/wV/i5v79BvmTADq14UGu91467Z6U9y0HzH/ncj/U/sT/CgynZG7I2NezpZGUjIycJkYkZSG+uQ81pbBNKLxJfjwoMqZ3/ALYHl35AJ7/cuwHcu5k7r1Q5pHetBjquqVVJWGxj9Zrtcl/Ggy3dHMvauR3HFZj5nHNxSyW5JISYDMoIwx8tFIGHZhPNaykGapr6rUAiicEoMG21lMRj8buPAz8xhJrr7uOeiPTCyAwXUaGR1mgozbTusOsFLEiJ7fbQa/h7gcjy2H3V6xppwDNtUSxCJIqp7valBuWVzJ22xuCROXNNZiJkMtms0DbjUkAZjzoDrTMd9dDRI44ZC2YsrYdKWP2WDT2S3N9dNdlRYrGMYc06IURXSYb0igrpWS485xVNS6nF4rwslkoMwnbpgZLB7bmt5uMweAhDEl4B5uSLzzqTnnyVpW2jaJHRMSIjdDiiotvy3DOE5rYTEbkl5yFn28k7JyG4c7AU2HtLH1uKfaiMPI40CdYbpNtmLdwTSn5rewLNld+7TLdeal4WarWBkbVKBjgdElMJJwAAY5fl4kB3b1fp4XvagsGS3FjJfLzDNtS8aeXx7LzT7TyzByQE5PccRGRC0ZRUDRV6y62vbjagzLmJzS2vuPK43JY6aP1TW6Jz+RIWyFtyC06y3EkiiinAo7YCqfq1AqqnGgsOH3lhZO8d1pmcpB8j5XIm9OYlBJSQ/FSS4427DKO0RC8AlcEMhFdViRR1WDWR5t3WXVuL1d106kG9vdeye2g60+1FDyW0shIcXVpyroXt8I8dfd+NB1vioAdWnD3UF1+gD4UFc6CEKpagxXN43rwJLUHz7yX2c8zokt9uHlsPIhA4aRnnHJTLptIS6CNsY7iASpxUUMkReGpfbQW0vtN5pitvrsN28rwtBD0nc0+/Yft5XhaB6TuaXfsP28rwtA9J3NPv2H7eV4Wgek7mn37D9vK8LQPSdzT79h+3leFoHpO5pd+w/byvC0D0nc0u/Yft5XhaB6TuaXfsP28rwtA9J3NLv2H7eV4Wgek7ml37D9vK8LQPSdzS79h+3leFoHpO5p9+w/byvC0E9r7Reazy2HIYVPxkS/CUHVn26cosxyv2g7h89LYmZSXOenvLEQ1YaQ222RATcQCP8rSGqqA8S02W2pQ6FhMoAIlqCtsnwoCpdKClejI4i3Sgtb+GBxVuNBSFt1pV/RQefLjPyUDy4z8lA8uM/JQPLjPyUDy4z8lA8uM/JQPLjPyUDy4z8lA8uM/JQPLjPyUDy4z8lA8utJ/koJ7WCbBU/LQXOPAFq1koK8B0pag90CggtBBf6qB0UDooHRQOigdFA6KB0UDooHRQOigdFA6KB0UDooI0EaBQf//Z" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" />
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<div class="wy-grid-for-nav">
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<nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side">
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<div class="wy-side-nav-search">
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<a href="../index.html" class="fa fa-home"> CodeIgniter</a>
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<div role="search">
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<form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="../search.html" method="get">
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<input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" />
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<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
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<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
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</form>
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</div>
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<div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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<ul>
|
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
|
|||
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</ul>
|
|||
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</li>
|
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</ul>
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<ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">General Topics</a><ul class="current">
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="views.html">Views</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="models.html">Models</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Error Handling</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Caching</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
|
|||
|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</li>
|
|||
|
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</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
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</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
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</ul>
|
|||
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<ul>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
|
|||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|||
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|||
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|
</div>
|
|||
|
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|||
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</nav>
|
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|||
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|
<section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
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|||
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|||
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<nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
|
|||
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|
<i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
|
|||
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<a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
|
|||
|
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</nav>
|
|||
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|
|
|||
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|||
|
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|
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|
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<div class="wy-nav-content">
|
|||
|
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<div class="rst-content">
|
|||
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<div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
|
|||
|
|
<ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
|
|||
|
|
<li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> »</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<li><a href="index.html">General Topics</a> »</li>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<li>Error Handling</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
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|
</li>
|
|||
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<div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
|
|||
|
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<img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
|
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</div>
|
|||
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</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<hr/>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div role="main" class="document">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="error-handling">
|
|||
|
|
<h1>Error Handling<a class="headerlink" href="#error-handling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
|||
|
|
<p>CodeIgniter lets you build error reporting into your applications using
|
|||
|
|
the functions described below. In addition, it has an error logging
|
|||
|
|
class that permits error and debugging messages to be saved as text
|
|||
|
|
files.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="admonition note">
|
|||
|
|
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p class="last">By default, CodeIgniter displays all PHP errors. You might
|
|||
|
|
wish to change this behavior once your development is complete. You’ll
|
|||
|
|
find the error_reporting() function located at the top of your main
|
|||
|
|
index.php file. Disabling error reporting will NOT prevent log files
|
|||
|
|
from being written if there are errors.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Unlike most systems in CodeIgniter, the error functions are simple
|
|||
|
|
procedural interfaces that are available globally throughout the
|
|||
|
|
application. This approach permits error messages to get triggered
|
|||
|
|
without having to worry about class/function scoping.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>CodeIgniter also returns a status code whenever a portion of the core
|
|||
|
|
calls <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">exit()</span></code>. This exit status code is separate from the HTTP status
|
|||
|
|
code, and serves as a notice to other processes that may be watching of
|
|||
|
|
whether the script completed successfully, or if not, what kind of
|
|||
|
|
problem it encountered that caused it to abort. These values are
|
|||
|
|
defined in <em>application/config/constants.php</em>. While exit status codes
|
|||
|
|
are most useful in CLI settings, returning the proper code helps server
|
|||
|
|
software keep track of your scripts and the health of your application.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The following functions let you generate errors:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="function">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="show_error">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">show_error</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$message</em>, <em>$status_code</em>, <em>$heading = 'An Error Was Encountered'</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#show_error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
|
|||
|
|
<col class="field-name" />
|
|||
|
|
<col class="field-body" />
|
|||
|
|
<tbody valign="top">
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>$message</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Error message</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>$status_code</strong> (<em>int</em>) – HTTP Response status code</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>$heading</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Error page heading</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</tbody>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
<p>This function will display the error message supplied to it using
|
|||
|
|
the error template appropriate to your execution:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">views</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">errors</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">error_general</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>or:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|||
|
|
<div>application/views/errors/cli/error_general.php</div></blockquote>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The optional parameter <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$status_code</span></code> determines what HTTP status
|
|||
|
|
code should be sent with the error. If <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$status_code</span></code> is less
|
|||
|
|
than 100, the HTTP status code will be set to 500, and the exit
|
|||
|
|
status code will be set to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$status_code</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">EXIT__AUTO_MIN</span></code>.
|
|||
|
|
If that value is larger than <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EXIT__AUTO_MAX</span></code>, or if
|
|||
|
|
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$status_code</span></code> is 100 or higher, the exit status code will be set
|
|||
|
|
to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EXIT_ERROR</span></code>.
|
|||
|
|
You can check in <em>application/config/constants.php</em> for more detail.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="function">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="show_404">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">show_404</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$page = ''</em>, <em>$log_error = TRUE</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#show_404" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
|
|||
|
|
<col class="field-name" />
|
|||
|
|
<col class="field-body" />
|
|||
|
|
<tbody valign="top">
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>$page</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>$log_error</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to log the error</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</tbody>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
<p>This function will display the 404 error message supplied to it
|
|||
|
|
using the error template appropriate to your execution:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">views</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">errors</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">error_404</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>or:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|||
|
|
<div>application/views/errors/cli/error_404.php</div></blockquote>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The function expects the string passed to it to be the file path to
|
|||
|
|
the page that isn’t found. The exit status code will be set to
|
|||
|
|
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EXIT_UNKNOWN_FILE</span></code>.
|
|||
|
|
Note that CodeIgniter automatically shows 404 messages if
|
|||
|
|
controllers are not found.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>CodeIgniter automatically logs any <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">show_404()</span></code> calls. Setting the
|
|||
|
|
optional second parameter to FALSE will skip logging.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="function">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="log_message">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">log_message</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$level</em>, <em>$message</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#log_message" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
|
|||
|
|
<col class="field-name" />
|
|||
|
|
<col class="field-body" />
|
|||
|
|
<tbody valign="top">
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>$level</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Log level: ‘error’, ‘debug’ or ‘info’</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><strong>$message</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Message to log</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
|
|||
|
|
</td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</tbody>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
<p>This function lets you write messages to your log files. You must
|
|||
|
|
supply one of three “levels” in the first parameter, indicating what
|
|||
|
|
type of message it is (debug, error, info), with the message itself
|
|||
|
|
in the second parameter.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$some_var</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="p">{</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nx">log_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'error'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Some variable did not contain a value.'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="k">else</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="p">{</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nx">log_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'debug'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Some variable was correctly set'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="p">}</span>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<span class="nx">log_message</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'info'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'The purpose of some variable is to provide some value.'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>There are three message types:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
|||
|
|
<li>Error Messages. These are actual errors, such as PHP errors or
|
|||
|
|
user errors.</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Debug Messages. These are messages that assist in debugging. For
|
|||
|
|
example, if a class has been initialized, you could log this as
|
|||
|
|
debugging info.</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>Informational Messages. These are the lowest priority messages,
|
|||
|
|
simply giving information regarding some process.</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="admonition note">
|
|||
|
|
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p class="last">In order for the log file to actually be written, the
|
|||
|
|
<em>logs/</em> directory must be writable. In addition, you must
|
|||
|
|
set the “threshold” for logging in
|
|||
|
|
<em>application/config/config.php</em>. You might, for example,
|
|||
|
|
only want error messages to be logged, and not the other
|
|||
|
|
two types. If you set it to zero logging will be disabled.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
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|
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|
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<a href="caching.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Web Page Caching">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
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<a href="routing.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="URI Routing"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
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<hr/>
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|
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|
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<div role="contentinfo">
|
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|
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<p>
|
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|
|
© Copyright 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
|
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Last updated on Sep 19, 2019.
|
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