845 lines
58 KiB
HTML
Executable File
845 lines
58 KiB
HTML
Executable File
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
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<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>Controllers — CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation</title>
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<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
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<link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
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<link rel="index" title="Index"
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||
href="../genindex.html"/>
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||
<link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
|
||
<link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
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||
<link rel="up" title="General Topics" href="index.html"/>
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<link rel="next" title="Reserved Names" href="reserved_names.html"/>
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<link rel="prev" title="CodeIgniter URLs" href="urls.html"/>
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<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
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</head>
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|
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<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
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|
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<div id="nav">
|
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<div id="nav_inner">
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|
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|
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|
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<div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
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||
<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
|
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
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</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul class="current">
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">General Topics</a><ul class="current">
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Controllers</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="views.html">Views</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="models.html">Models</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Caching</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
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||
</div>
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</div>
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||
<div id="nav2">
|
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<a href="#" id="openToc">
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<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" />
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="controllers">
|
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<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Controllers</a><a class="headerlink" href="#controllers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<p>Controllers are the heart of your application, as they determine how
|
||
HTTP requests should be handled.</p>
|
||
<div class="contents topic" id="page-contents">
|
||
<p class="topic-title first">Page Contents</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#controllers" id="id1">Controllers</a><ul>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-a-controller" id="id2">What is a Controller?</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#let-s-try-it-hello-world" id="id3">Let’s try it: Hello World!</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#methods" id="id4">Methods</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#passing-uri-segments-to-your-methods" id="id5">Passing URI Segments to your methods</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#defining-a-default-controller" id="id6">Defining a Default Controller</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#remapping-method-calls" id="id7">Remapping Method Calls</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#processing-output" id="id8">Processing Output</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#private-methods" id="id9">Private methods</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#organizing-your-controllers-into-sub-directories" id="id10">Organizing Your Controllers into Sub-directories</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-constructors" id="id11">Class Constructors</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reserved-method-names" id="id12">Reserved method names</a></li>
|
||
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#that-s-it" id="id13">That’s it!</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="what-is-a-controller">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">What is a Controller?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-a-controller" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p><strong>A Controller is simply a class file that is named in a way that can be
|
||
associated with a URI.</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Consider this URI:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">blog</span><span class="o">/</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>In the above example, CodeIgniter would attempt to find a controller
|
||
named Blog.php and load it.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>When a controller’s name matches the first segment of a URI, it will
|
||
be loaded.</strong></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="let-s-try-it-hello-world">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Let’s try it: Hello World!</a><a class="headerlink" href="#let-s-try-it-hello-world" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Let’s create a simple controller so you can see it in action. Using your
|
||
text editor, create a file called Blog.php, and put the following code
|
||
in it:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
||
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">'Hello World!'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Then save the file to your <em>application/controllers/</em> directory.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition important">
|
||
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
|
||
<p class="last">The file must be called ‘Blog.php’, with a capital ‘B’.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Now visit the your site using a URL similar to this:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">blog</span><span class="o">/</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>If you did it right, you should see:</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div>Hello World!</div></blockquote>
|
||
<div class="admonition important">
|
||
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
|
||
<p class="last">Class names must start with an uppercase letter.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>This is valid:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
||
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>This is <strong>not</strong> valid:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
||
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Also, always make sure your controller extends the parent controller
|
||
class so that it can inherit all its methods.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="methods">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Methods</a><a class="headerlink" href="#methods" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>In the above example the method name is <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index()</span></code>. The “index” method
|
||
is always loaded by default if the <strong>second segment</strong> of the URI is
|
||
empty. Another way to show your “Hello World” message would be this:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">blog</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">/</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><strong>The second segment of the URI determines which method in the
|
||
controller gets called.</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Let’s try it. Add a new method to your controller:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
||
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">'Hello World!'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">comments</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">'Look at this!'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Now load the following URL to see the comment method:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">blog</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">comments</span><span class="o">/</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>You should see your new message.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="passing-uri-segments-to-your-methods">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Passing URI Segments to your methods</a><a class="headerlink" href="#passing-uri-segments-to-your-methods" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>If your URI contains more than two segments they will be passed to your
|
||
method as parameters.</p>
|
||
<p>For example, let’s say you have a URI like this:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">products</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">shoes</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">sandals</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">123</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Your method will be passed URI segments 3 and 4 (“sandals” and “123”):</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
||
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Products</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">shoes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sandals</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$sandals</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition important">
|
||
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
|
||
<p class="last">If you are using the <a class="reference internal" href="routing.html"><span class="doc">URI Routing</span></a>
|
||
feature, the segments passed to your method will be the re-routed
|
||
ones.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="defining-a-default-controller">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Defining a Default Controller</a><a class="headerlink" href="#defining-a-default-controller" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>CodeIgniter can be told to load a default controller when a URI is not
|
||
present, as will be the case when only your site root URL is requested.
|
||
To specify a default controller, open your <strong>application/config/routes.php</strong>
|
||
file and set this variable:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'default_controller'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'blog'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Where ‘blog’ is the name of the controller class you want used. If you now
|
||
load your main index.php file without specifying any URI segments you’ll
|
||
see your “Hello World” message by default.</p>
|
||
<p>For more information, please refer to the “Reserved Routes” section of the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="routing.html"><span class="doc">URI Routing</span></a> documentation.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="remapping-method-calls">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Remapping Method Calls</a><a class="headerlink" href="#remapping-method-calls" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>As noted above, the second segment of the URI typically determines which
|
||
method in the controller gets called. CodeIgniter permits you to override
|
||
this behavior through the use of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_remap()</span></code> method:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">_remap</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// Some code here...</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition important">
|
||
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
|
||
<p class="last">If your controller contains a method named _remap(),
|
||
it will <strong>always</strong> get called regardless of what your URI contains. It
|
||
overrides the normal behavior in which the URI determines which method
|
||
is called, allowing you to define your own method routing rules.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>The overridden method call (typically the second segment of the URI) will
|
||
be passed as a parameter to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_remap()</span></code> method:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">_remap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$method</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$method</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="s1">'some_method'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="nv">$method</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="k">else</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">default_method</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Any extra segments after the method name are passed into <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_remap()</span></code> as an
|
||
optional second parameter. This array can be used in combination with
|
||
PHP’s <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/call_user_func_array">call_user_func_array()</a>
|
||
to emulate CodeIgniter’s default behavior.</p>
|
||
<p>Example:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">_remap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$method</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">())</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$method</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'process_'</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$method</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">method_exists</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$method</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">call_user_func_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$method</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nv">$params</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="nx">show_404</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="processing-output">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Processing Output</a><a class="headerlink" href="#processing-output" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>CodeIgniter has an output class that takes care of sending your final
|
||
rendered data to the web browser automatically. More information on this
|
||
can be found in the <a class="reference internal" href="views.html"><span class="doc">Views</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html"><span class="doc">Output Class</span></a> pages. In some cases, however, you might want to
|
||
post-process the finalized data in some way and send it to the browser
|
||
yourself. CodeIgniter permits you to add a method named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_output()</span></code>
|
||
to your controller that will receive the finalized output data.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition important">
|
||
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
|
||
<p class="last">If your controller contains a method named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_output()</span></code>,
|
||
it will <strong>always</strong> be called by the output class instead of
|
||
echoing the finalized data directly. The first parameter of the
|
||
method will contain the finalized output.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Here is an example:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$output</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$output</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Please note that your <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_output()</span></code> method will receive the
|
||
data in its finalized state. Benchmark and memory usage data
|
||
will be rendered, cache files written (if you have caching
|
||
enabled), and headers will be sent (if you use that
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html"><span class="doc">feature</span></a>) before it is handed off
|
||
to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_output()</span></code> method.
|
||
To have your controller’s output cached properly, its
|
||
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_output()</span></code> method can use:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">cache_expiration</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">_write_cache</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$output</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="last">If you are using this feature the page execution timer and
|
||
memory usage stats might not be perfectly accurate since they
|
||
will not take into account any further processing you do.
|
||
For an alternate way to control output <em>before</em> any of the
|
||
final processing is done, please see the available methods
|
||
in the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html"><span class="doc">Output Library</span></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="private-methods">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">Private methods</a><a class="headerlink" href="#private-methods" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>In some cases you may want certain methods hidden from public access.
|
||
In order to achieve this, simply declare the method as being private
|
||
or protected and it will not be served via a URL request. For example,
|
||
if you were to have a method like this:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">private</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">_utility</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// some code</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Trying to access it via the URL, like this, will not work:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">blog</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">_utility</span><span class="o">/</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p class="last">Prefixing method names with an underscore will also prevent
|
||
them from being called. This is a legacy feature that is left
|
||
for backwards-compatibility.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="organizing-your-controllers-into-sub-directories">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Organizing Your Controllers into Sub-directories</a><a class="headerlink" href="#organizing-your-controllers-into-sub-directories" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>If you are building a large application you might want to hierarchically
|
||
organize or structure your controllers into sub-directories. CodeIgniter
|
||
permits you to do this.</p>
|
||
<p>Simply create sub-directories under the main <em>application/controllers/</em>
|
||
one and place your controller classes within them.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>When using this feature the first segment of your URI must
|
||
specify the folder. For example, let’s say you have a controller located
|
||
here:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">controllers</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">products</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">Shoes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>To call the above controller your URI will look something like this:</p>
|
||
<div class="last highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">products</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">shoes</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">show</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">123</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Each of your sub-directories may contain a default controller which will be
|
||
called if the URL contains <em>only</em> the sub-directory. Simply put a controller
|
||
in there that matches the name of your ‘default_controller’ as specified in
|
||
your <em>application/config/routes.php</em> file.</p>
|
||
<p>CodeIgniter also permits you to remap your URIs using its <a class="reference internal" href="routing.html"><span class="doc">URI
|
||
Routing</span></a> feature.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="class-constructors">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">Class Constructors</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-constructors" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>If you intend to use a constructor in any of your Controllers, you
|
||
<strong>MUST</strong> place the following line of code in it:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">parent</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">__construct</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>The reason this line is necessary is because your local constructor will
|
||
be overriding the one in the parent controller class so we need to
|
||
manually call it.</p>
|
||
<p>Example:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
||
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__construct</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="k">parent</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">__construct</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">// Your own constructor code</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Constructors are useful if you need to set some default values, or run a
|
||
default process when your class is instantiated. Constructors can’t
|
||
return a value, but they can do some default work.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="reserved-method-names">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12">Reserved method names</a><a class="headerlink" href="#reserved-method-names" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Since your controller classes will extend the main application
|
||
controller you must be careful not to name your methods identically to
|
||
the ones used by that class, otherwise your local functions will
|
||
override them. See <a class="reference internal" href="reserved_names.html"><span class="doc">Reserved Names</span></a> for a full
|
||
list.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition important">
|
||
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
|
||
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|
||
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|
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|
||
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">That’s it!</a><a class="headerlink" href="#that-s-it" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
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