704 lines
52 KiB
HTML
Executable File
704 lines
52 KiB
HTML
Executable File
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
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<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>Views — CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation</title>
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<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
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<link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
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<link rel="index" title="Index"
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href="../genindex.html"/>
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<link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
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<link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
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<link rel="up" title="General Topics" href="index.html"/>
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<link rel="next" title="Models" href="models.html"/>
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<link rel="prev" title="Reserved Names" href="reserved_names.html"/>
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<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
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</head>
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<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
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<div id="nav">
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<div id="nav_inner">
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<div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">General Topics</a><ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Views</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="models.html">Models</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Caching</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div id="nav2">
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<a href="#" id="openToc">
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<img src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" />
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</a>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
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||
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
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||
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||
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||
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
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||
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||
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||
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||
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
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</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
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||
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
|
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</nav>
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<section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
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<nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
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<a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
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</nav>
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<div class="wy-nav-content">
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<div class="rst-content">
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<div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
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||
<ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
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<li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> »</li>
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<li><a href="index.html">General Topics</a> »</li>
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<li>Views</li>
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<li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
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||
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</li>
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<div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
|
||
<img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
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</ul>
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<hr/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="main" class="document">
|
||
|
||
<div class="section" id="views">
|
||
<h1>Views<a class="headerlink" href="#views" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<p>A view is simply a web page, or a page fragment, like a header, footer,
|
||
sidebar, etc. In fact, views can flexibly be embedded within other views
|
||
(within other views, etc., etc.) if you need this type of hierarchy.</p>
|
||
<p>Views are never called directly, they must be loaded by a
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a>. Remember that in an MVC framework, the
|
||
Controller acts as the traffic cop, so it is responsible for fetching a
|
||
particular view. If you have not read the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><span class="doc">Controllers</span></a> page you should do so before
|
||
continuing.</p>
|
||
<p>Using the example controller you created in the
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a> page, let’s add a view to it.</p>
|
||
<div class="section" id="creating-a-view">
|
||
<h2>Creating a View<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-view" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Using your text editor, create a file called blogview.php, and put this
|
||
in it:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">My</span> <span class="nx">Blog</span><span class="o"></</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="o"></</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Welcome</span> <span class="nx">to</span> <span class="nx">my</span> <span class="nx">Blog</span><span class="o">!</</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="o"></</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="o"></</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Then save the file in your <em>application/views/</em> directory.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="loading-a-view">
|
||
<h2>Loading a View<a class="headerlink" href="#loading-a-view" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>To load a particular view file you will use the following method:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'name'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Where name is the name of your view file.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p class="last">The .php file extension does not need to be specified
|
||
unless you use something other than .php.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Now, open the controller file you made earlier called Blog.php, and
|
||
replace the echo statement with the view loading method:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
||
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blogview'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>If you visit your site using the URL you did earlier you should see your
|
||
new view. The URL was similar to this:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">blog</span><span class="o">/</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="loading-multiple-views">
|
||
<h2>Loading multiple views<a class="headerlink" href="#loading-multiple-views" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>CodeIgniter will intelligently handle multiple calls to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this->load->view()</span></code> from within a controller. If more than one call
|
||
happens they will be appended together. For example, you may wish to
|
||
have a header view, a menu view, a content view, and a footer view. That
|
||
might look something like this:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Page</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'page_title'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'Your title'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'header'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'menu'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'content'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'footer'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>In the example above, we are using “dynamically added data”, which you
|
||
will see below.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="storing-views-within-sub-directories">
|
||
<h2>Storing Views within Sub-directories<a class="headerlink" href="#storing-views-within-sub-directories" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Your view files can also be stored within sub-directories if you prefer
|
||
that type of organization. When doing so you will need to include the
|
||
directory name loading the view. Example:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'directory_name/file_name'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="adding-dynamic-data-to-the-view">
|
||
<h2>Adding Dynamic Data to the View<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-dynamic-data-to-the-view" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Data is passed from the controller to the view by way of an <strong>array</strong> or
|
||
an <strong>object</strong> in the second parameter of the view loading method. Here
|
||
is an example using an array:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="s1">'title'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'My Title'</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<span class="s1">'heading'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'My Heading'</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
<span class="s1">'message'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'My Message'</span>
|
||
<span class="p">);</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blogview'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>And here’s an example using an object:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Someclass</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blogview'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p class="last">If you use an object, the class variables will be turned
|
||
into array elements.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Let’s try it with your controller file. Open it add this code:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
||
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"My Real Title"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'heading'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"My Real Heading"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blogview'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Now open your view file and change the text to variables that correspond
|
||
to the array keys in your data:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">><?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?></span><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">title</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span><span class="cp"><?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$heading</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?></span><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Then load the page at the URL you’ve been using and you should see the
|
||
variables replaced.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="creating-loops">
|
||
<h2>Creating Loops<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-loops" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The data array you pass to your view files is not limited to simple
|
||
variables. You can pass multi dimensional arrays, which can be looped to
|
||
generate multiple rows. For example, if you pull data from your database
|
||
it will typically be in the form of a multi-dimensional array.</p>
|
||
<p>Here’s a simple example. Add this to your controller:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
|
||
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="p">{</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'todo_list'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Clean House'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Call Mom'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Run Errands'</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"My Real Title"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'heading'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"My Real Heading"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blogview'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
<span class="p">}</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Now open your view file and create a loop:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">><?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?></span><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">title</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span><span class="cp"><?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$heading</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?></span><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">h3</span><span class="p">></span>My Todo List<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">h3</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
<span class="cp"><?php</span> <span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$todo_list</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$item</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="cp">?></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">></span><span class="cp"><?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$item</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?></span><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="cp"><?php</span> <span class="k">endforeach</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?></span>
|
||
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p class="last">You’ll notice that in the example above we are using PHP’s
|
||
alternative syntax. If you are not familiar with it you can read about
|
||
it <a class="reference internal" href="alternative_php.html"><span class="doc">here</span></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="returning-views-as-data">
|
||
<h2>Returning views as data<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-views-as-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>There is a third <strong>optional</strong> parameter lets you change the behavior of
|
||
the method so that it returns data as a string rather than sending it
|
||
to your browser. This can be useful if you want to process the data in
|
||
some way. If you set the parameter to TRUE (boolean) it will return
|
||
data. The default behavior is false, which sends it to your browser.
|
||
Remember to assign it to a variable if you want the data returned:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'myfile'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
<p>
|
||
© Copyright 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
|
||
Last updated on Sep 19, 2019.
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