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<div class="section" id="benchmarking-class">
<h1>Benchmarking Class<a class="headerlink" href="#benchmarking-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>CodeIgniter has a Benchmarking class that is always active, enabling the
time difference between any two marked points to be calculated.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This class is initialized automatically by the system so there
is no need to do it manually.</p>
</div>
<p>In addition, the benchmark is always started the moment the framework is
invoked, and ended by the output class right before sending the final
view to the browser, enabling a very accurate timing of the entire
system execution to be shown.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-benchmark-class" id="id1">Using the Benchmark Class</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#profiling-your-benchmark-points" id="id2">Profiling Your Benchmark Points</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#displaying-total-execution-time" id="id3">Displaying Total Execution Time</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#displaying-memory-consumption" id="id4">Displaying Memory Consumption</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id5">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="using-the-benchmark-class">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Using the Benchmark Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-benchmark-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The Benchmark class can be used within your
<a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html"><span class="doc">controllers</span></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html"><span class="doc">views</span></a>, or your <a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html"><span class="doc">models</span></a>.
The process for usage is this:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>Mark a start point</li>
<li>Mark an end point</li>
<li>Run the “elapsed time” function to view the results</li>
</ol>
<p>Heres an example using real code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;code_start&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Some code happens here</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;code_end&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">elapsed_time</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;code_start&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;code_end&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The words “code_start” and “code_end” are arbitrary. They
are simply words used to set two markers. You can use any words you
want, and you can set multiple sets of markers. Consider this example:</p>
<div class="last highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;dog&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Some code happens here</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cat&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// More code happens here</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;bird&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">elapsed_time</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;dog&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;cat&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">elapsed_time</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cat&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bird&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">elapsed_time</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;dog&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bird&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="profiling-your-benchmark-points">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Profiling Your Benchmark Points</a><a class="headerlink" href="#profiling-your-benchmark-points" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you want your benchmark data to be available to the
<a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html"><span class="doc">Profiler</span></a> all of your marked points must
be set up in pairs, and each mark point name must end with _start and
_end. Each pair of points must otherwise be named identically. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_mark_start&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Some code happens here...</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_mark_end&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;another_mark_start&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Some more code happens here...</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;another_mark_end&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Please read the <a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html"><span class="doc">Profiler page</span></a> for more
information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="displaying-total-execution-time">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Displaying Total Execution Time</a><a class="headerlink" href="#displaying-total-execution-time" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you would like to display the total elapsed time from the moment
CodeIgniter starts to the moment the final output is sent to the
browser, simply place this in one of your view templates:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">elapsed_time</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Youll notice that its the same function used in the examples above to
calculate the time between two point, except you are <strong>not</strong> using any
parameters. When the parameters are absent, CodeIgniter does not stop
the benchmark until right before the final output is sent to the
browser. It doesnt matter where you use the function call, the timer
will continue to run until the very end.</p>
<p>An alternate way to show your elapsed time in your view files is to use
this pseudo-variable, if you prefer not to use the pure PHP:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">elapsed_time</span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you want to benchmark anything within your controller
functions you must set your own start/end points.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="displaying-memory-consumption">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Displaying Memory Consumption</a><a class="headerlink" href="#displaying-memory-consumption" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If your PHP installation is configured with enable-memory-limit, you
can display the amount of memory consumed by the entire system using the
following code in one of your view file:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">benchmark</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">memory_usage</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This function can only be used in your view files. The consumption
will reflect the total memory used by the entire app.</p>
</div>
<p>An alternate way to show your memory usage in your view files is to use
this pseudo-variable, if you prefer not to use the pure PHP:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">memory_usage</span><span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Benchmark">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Benchmark</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Benchmark" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Benchmark::mark">
<code class="descname">mark</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Benchmark::mark" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) the name you wish to assign to your marker</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sets a benchmark marker.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Benchmark::elapsed_time">
<code class="descname">elapsed_time</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$point1 = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$point2 = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$decimals = 4</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Benchmark::elapsed_time" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$point1</strong> (<em>string</em>) a particular marked point</li>
<li><strong>$point2</strong> (<em>string</em>) a particular marked point</li>
<li><strong>$decimals</strong> (<em>int</em>) number of decimal places for precision</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Elapsed time</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Calculates and returns the time difference between two marked points.</p>
<p>If the first parameter is empty this function instead returns the
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">{elapsed_time}</span></code> pseudo-variable. This permits the full system
execution time to be shown in a template. The output class will
swap the real value for this variable.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Benchmark::memory_usage">
<code class="descname">memory_usage</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Benchmark::memory_usage" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Memory usage info</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Simply returns the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">{memory_usage}</span></code> marker.</p>
<p>This permits it to be put it anywhere in a template without the memory
being calculated until the end. The <a class="reference internal" href="output.html"><span class="doc">Output Class</span></a> will
swap the real value for this variable.</p>
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<div class="section" id="caching-driver">
<h1>Caching Driver<a class="headerlink" href="#caching-driver" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>CodeIgniter features wrappers around some of the most popular forms of
fast and dynamic caching. All but file-based caching require specific
server requirements, and a Fatal Exception will be thrown if server
requirements are not met.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#example-usage" id="id1">Example Usage</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id2">Class Reference</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#drivers" id="id3">Drivers</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#alternative-php-cache-apc-caching" id="id4">Alternative PHP Cache (APC) Caching</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#file-based-caching" id="id5">File-based Caching</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#memcached-caching" id="id6">Memcached Caching</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#wincache-caching" id="id7">WinCache Caching</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#redis-caching" id="id8">Redis Caching</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dummy-cache" id="id9">Dummy Cache</a></li>
</ul>
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<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="example-usage">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Example Usage</a><a class="headerlink" href="#example-usage" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following example will load the cache driver, specify <a class="reference external" href="#alternative-php-cache-apc-caching">APC</a>
as the driver to use, and fall back to file-based caching if APC is not
available in the hosting environment.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">driver</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cache&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;adapter&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;apc&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;backup&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">!</span> <span class="nv">$foo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Saving to the cache!&lt;br /&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$foo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;foobarbaz!&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">// Save into the cache for 5 minutes</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$foo</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$foo</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also prefix cache item names via the <strong>key_prefix</strong> setting, which is useful
to avoid collisions when youre running multiple applications on the same environment.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">driver</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cache&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;adapter&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;apc&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;backup&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;key_prefix&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;my_&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Will get the cache entry named &#39;my_foo&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Cache">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Cache</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Cache" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Cache::is_supported">
<code class="descname">is_supported</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$driver</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Cache::is_supported" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$driver</strong> (<em>string</em>) the name of the caching driver</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if supported, FALSE if not</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method is automatically called when accessing drivers via
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;cache-&gt;get()</span></code>. However, if the individual drivers are used,
make sure to call this method to ensure the driver is supported in the
hosting environment.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">apc</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">is_supported</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">apc</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_cache&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// do things.</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Cache::get">
<code class="descname">get</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$id</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Cache::get" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$id</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cache item name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Item value or FALSE if not found</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method will attempt to fetch an item from the cache store. If the
item does not exist, the method will return FALSE.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$foo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_cached_item&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Cache::save">
<code class="descname">save</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$id</em>, <em>$data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$ttl = 60</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$raw = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Cache::save" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$id</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cache item name</li>
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) the data to save</li>
<li><strong>$ttl</strong> (<em>int</em>) Time To Live, in seconds (default 60)</li>
<li><strong>$raw</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to store the raw value</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method will save an item to the cache store. If saving fails, the
method will return FALSE.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cache_item_id&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;data_to_cache&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$raw</span></code> parameter is only utilized by APC and Memcache,
in order to allow usage of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">increment()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">decrement()</span></code>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Cache::delete">
<code class="descname">delete</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$id</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Cache::delete" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$id</strong> (<em>string</em>) name of cached item</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method will delete a specific item from the cache store. If item
deletion fails, the method will return FALSE.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cache_item_id&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Cache::increment">
<code class="descname">increment</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$id</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$offset = 1</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Cache::increment" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$id</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cache ID</li>
<li><strong>$offset</strong> (<em>int</em>) Step/value to add</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">New value on success, FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Performs atomic incrementation of a raw stored value.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// &#39;iterator&#39; has a value of 2</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">increment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;iterator&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &#39;iterator&#39; is now 3</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">increment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;iterator&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &#39;iterator&#39; is now 6</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Cache::decrement">
<code class="descname">decrement</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$id</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$offset = 1</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Cache::decrement" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$id</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cache ID</li>
<li><strong>$offset</strong> (<em>int</em>) Step/value to reduce by</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">New value on success, FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Performs atomic decrementation of a raw stored value.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// &#39;iterator&#39; has a value of 6</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">decrement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;iterator&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &#39;iterator&#39; is now 5</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">decrement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;iterator&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &#39;iterator&#39; is now 3</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Cache::clean">
<code class="descname">clean</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Cache::clean" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">bool</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method will clean the entire cache. If the deletion of the
cache files fails, the method will return FALSE.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">clean</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Cache::cache_info">
<code class="descname">cache_info</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Cache::cache_info" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Information on the entire cache database</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">mixed</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method will return information on the entire cache.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">var_dump</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache_info</span><span class="p">());</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The information returned and the structure of the data is dependent
on which adapter is being used.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Cache::get_metadata">
<code class="descname">get_metadata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$id</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Cache::get_metadata" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$id</strong> (<em>string</em>) Cache item name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Metadata for the cached item</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method will return detailed information on a specific item in the
cache.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">var_dump</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_metadata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_cached_item&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The information returned and the structure of the data is dependent
on which adapter is being used.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="drivers">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Drivers</a><a class="headerlink" href="#drivers" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="alternative-php-cache-apc-caching">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Alternative PHP Cache (APC) Caching</a><a class="headerlink" href="#alternative-php-cache-apc-caching" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>All of the methods listed above can be accessed without passing a
specific adapter to the driver loader as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">driver</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cache&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">apc</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For more information on APC, please see
<a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/apc">http://php.net/apc</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="file-based-caching">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">File-based Caching</a><a class="headerlink" href="#file-based-caching" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Unlike caching from the Output Class, the driver file-based caching
allows for pieces of view files to be cached. Use this with care, and
make sure to benchmark your application, as a point can come where disk
I/O will negate positive gains by caching.</p>
<p>All of the methods listed above can be accessed without passing a
specific adapter to the driver loader as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">driver</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cache&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">file</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="memcached-caching">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Memcached Caching</a><a class="headerlink" href="#memcached-caching" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Multiple Memcached servers can be specified in the memcached.php
configuration file, located in the _application/config/* directory.</p>
<p>All of the methods listed above can be accessed without passing a
specific adapter to the driver loader as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">driver</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cache&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">memcached</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For more information on Memcached, please see
<a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/memcached">http://php.net/memcached</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="wincache-caching">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">WinCache Caching</a><a class="headerlink" href="#wincache-caching" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Under Windows, you can also utilize the WinCache driver.</p>
<p>All of the methods listed above can be accessed without passing a
specific adapter to the driver loader as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">driver</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cache&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">wincache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For more information on WinCache, please see
<a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/wincache">http://php.net/wincache</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="redis-caching">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Redis Caching</a><a class="headerlink" href="#redis-caching" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Redis is an in-memory key-value store which can operate in LRU cache mode.
To use it, you need <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/phpredis/phpredis">Redis server and phpredis PHP extension</a>.</p>
<p>Config options to connect to redis server must be stored in the application/config/redis.php file.
Available options are:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;socket_type&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;tcp&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">//`tcp` or `unix`</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;socket&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/var/run/redis.sock&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// in case of `unix` socket type</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;host&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;port&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">6379</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;timeout&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>All of the methods listed above can be accessed without passing a
specific adapter to the driver loader as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">driver</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cache&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">cache</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">redis</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For more information on Redis, please see
<a class="reference external" href="http://redis.io">http://redis.io</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="dummy-cache">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">Dummy Cache</a><a class="headerlink" href="#dummy-cache" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>This is a caching backend that will always miss. It stores no data,
but lets you keep your caching code in place in environments that dont
support your chosen cache.</p>
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<div class="section" id="calendaring-class">
<h1>Calendaring Class<a class="headerlink" href="#calendaring-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Calendar class enables you to dynamically create calendars. Your
calendars can be formatted through the use of a calendar template,
allowing 100% control over every aspect of its design. In addition, you
can pass data to your calendar cells.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-calendaring-class" id="id1">Using the Calendaring Class</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-the-class" id="id2">Initializing the Class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#displaying-a-calendar" id="id3">Displaying a Calendar</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#passing-data-to-your-calendar-cells" id="id4">Passing Data to your Calendar Cells</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#setting-display-preferences" id="id5">Setting Display Preferences</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#showing-next-previous-month-links" id="id6">Showing Next/Previous Month Links</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-a-calendar-template" id="id7">Creating a Calendar Template</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id8">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="using-the-calendaring-class">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Using the Calendaring Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-calendaring-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="initializing-the-class">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Initializing the Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-the-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Like most other classes in CodeIgniter, the Calendar class is
initialized in your controller using the $this-&gt;load-&gt;library function:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;calendar&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once loaded, the Calendar object will be available using:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">calendar</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="displaying-a-calendar">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Displaying a Calendar</a><a class="headerlink" href="#displaying-a-calendar" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Here is a very simple example showing how you can display a calendar:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;calendar&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">calendar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above code will generate a calendar for the current month/year based
on your server time. To show a calendar for a specific month and year
you will pass this information to the calendar generating function:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;calendar&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">calendar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2006</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above code will generate a calendar showing the month of June in
2006. The first parameter specifies the year, the second parameter
specifies the month.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="passing-data-to-your-calendar-cells">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Passing Data to your Calendar Cells</a><a class="headerlink" href="#passing-data-to-your-calendar-cells" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>To add data to your calendar cells involves creating an associative
array in which the keys correspond to the days you wish to populate and
the array value contains the data. The array is passed to the third
parameter of the calendar generating function. Consider this example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;calendar&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/news/article/2006/06/03/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/news/article/2006/06/07/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">13</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/news/article/2006/06/13/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="mi">26</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/news/article/2006/06/26/&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">calendar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2006</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Using the above example, day numbers 3, 7, 13, and 26 will become links
pointing to the URLs youve provided.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">By default it is assumed that your array will contain links.
In the section that explains the calendar template below youll see how
you can customize how data passed to your cells is handled so you can
pass different types of information.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="setting-display-preferences">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Setting Display Preferences</a><a class="headerlink" href="#setting-display-preferences" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>There are seven preferences you can set to control various aspects of
the calendar. Preferences are set by passing an array of preferences in
the second parameter of the loading function. Here is an example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$prefs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;start_day&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;saturday&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;month_type&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;long&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;day_type&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;short&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;calendar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$prefs</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">calendar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above code would start the calendar on saturday, use the “long”
month heading, and the “short” day names. More information regarding
preferences below.</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="15%" />
<col width="11%" />
<col width="29%" />
<col width="45%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Preference</th>
<th class="head">Default</th>
<th class="head">Options</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>template</strong></td>
<td>None</td>
<td>None</td>
<td><dl class="first last docutils">
<dt>A string or array containing your calendar template.</dt>
<dd>See the template section below.</dd>
</dl>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>local_time</strong></td>
<td>time()</td>
<td>None</td>
<td>A Unix timestamp corresponding to the current time.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>start_day</strong></td>
<td>sunday</td>
<td>Any week day (sunday, monday, tuesday, etc.)</td>
<td>Sets the day of the week the calendar should start on.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>month_type</strong></td>
<td>long</td>
<td>long, short</td>
<td><dl class="first last docutils">
<dt>Determines what version of the month name to use in the header.</dt>
<dd>long = January, short = Jan.</dd>
</dl>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>day_type</strong></td>
<td>abr</td>
<td>long, short, abr</td>
<td><dl class="first last docutils">
<dt>Determines what version of the weekday names to use in</dt>
<dd>the column headers. long = Sunday, short = Sun, abr = Su.</dd>
</dl>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>show_next_prev</strong></td>
<td>FALSE</td>
<td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean)</td>
<td><dl class="first last docutils">
<dt>Determines whether to display links allowing you to toggle</dt>
<dd>to next/previous months. See information on this feature below.</dd>
</dl>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>next_prev_url</strong></td>
<td>controller/method</td>
<td>A URL</td>
<td>Sets the basepath used in the next/previous calendar links.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>show_other_days</strong></td>
<td>FALSE</td>
<td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean)</td>
<td><dl class="first last docutils">
<dt>Determines whether to display days of other months that share the</dt>
<dd>first or last week of the calendar month.</dd>
</dl>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="showing-next-previous-month-links">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Showing Next/Previous Month Links</a><a class="headerlink" href="#showing-next-previous-month-links" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>To allow your calendar to dynamically increment/decrement via the
next/previous links requires that you set up your calendar code similar
to this example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$prefs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;show_next_prev&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;next_prev_url&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/index.php/calendar/show/&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;calendar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$prefs</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">calendar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">segment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">segment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Youll notice a few things about the above example:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>You must set the “show_next_prev” to TRUE.</li>
<li>You must supply the URL to the controller containing your calendar in
the “next_prev_url” preference. If you dont, it will be set to the current
<em>controller/method</em>.</li>
<li>You must supply the “year” and “month” to the calendar generating
function via the URI segments where they appear (Note: The calendar
class automatically adds the year/month to the base URL you
provide.).</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="creating-a-calendar-template">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Creating a Calendar Template</a><a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-calendar-template" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>By creating a calendar template you have 100% control over the design of
your calendar. Using the string method, each component of your calendar
will be placed within a pair of pseudo-variables as shown here:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$prefs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;template&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="s1"> {table_open}&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;{/table_open}</span>
<span class="s1"> {heading_row_start}&lt;tr&gt;{/heading_row_start}</span>
<span class="s1"> {heading_previous_cell}&lt;th&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;{previous_url}&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/th&gt;{/heading_previous_cell}</span>
<span class="s1"> {heading_title_cell}&lt;th colspan=&quot;{colspan}&quot;&gt;{heading}&lt;/th&gt;{/heading_title_cell}</span>
<span class="s1"> {heading_next_cell}&lt;th&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;{next_url}&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/th&gt;{/heading_next_cell}</span>
<span class="s1"> {heading_row_end}&lt;/tr&gt;{/heading_row_end}</span>
<span class="s1"> {week_row_start}&lt;tr&gt;{/week_row_start}</span>
<span class="s1"> {week_day_cell}&lt;td&gt;{week_day}&lt;/td&gt;{/week_day_cell}</span>
<span class="s1"> {week_row_end}&lt;/tr&gt;{/week_row_end}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_row_start}&lt;tr&gt;{/cal_row_start}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_cell_start}&lt;td&gt;{/cal_cell_start}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_cell_start_today}&lt;td&gt;{/cal_cell_start_today}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_cell_start_other}&lt;td class=&quot;other-month&quot;&gt;{/cal_cell_start_other}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_cell_content}&lt;a href=&quot;{content}&quot;&gt;{day}&lt;/a&gt;{/cal_cell_content}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_cell_content_today}&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;{content}&quot;&gt;{day}&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;{/cal_cell_content_today}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_cell_no_content}{day}{/cal_cell_no_content}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_cell_no_content_today}&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;{day}&lt;/div&gt;{/cal_cell_no_content_today}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_cell_blank}&amp;nbsp;{/cal_cell_blank}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_cell_other}{day}{/cal_cel_other}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_cell_end}&lt;/td&gt;{/cal_cell_end}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_cell_end_today}&lt;/td&gt;{/cal_cell_end_today}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_cell_end_other}&lt;/td&gt;{/cal_cell_end_other}</span>
<span class="s1"> {cal_row_end}&lt;/tr&gt;{/cal_row_end}</span>
<span class="s1"> {table_close}&lt;/table&gt;{/table_close}</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;calendar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$prefs</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">calendar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Using the array method, you will pass <cite>key =&gt; value</cite> pairs. You can pass as
many or as few values as youd like. Omitted keys will use the default values
inherited in the calendar class.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$prefs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;template&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;table_open&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;table class=&quot;calendar&quot;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;cal_cell_start&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;td class=&quot;day&quot;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;cal_cell_start_today&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;td class=&quot;today&quot;&gt;&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;calendar&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$prefs</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">calendar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Calendar">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Calendar</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Calendar" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Calendar::initialize">
<code class="descname">initialize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$config = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Calendar::initialize" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$config</strong> (<em>array</em>) Configuration parameters</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Calendar instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Calendar</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Initializes the Calendaring preferences. Accepts an associative array as input, containing display preferences.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Calendar::generate">
<code class="descname">generate</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$year = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$month = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$data = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Calendar::generate" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$year</strong> (<em>int</em>) Year</li>
<li><strong>$month</strong> (<em>int</em>) Month</li>
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) Data to be shown in the calendar cells</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML-formatted calendar</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Generate the calendar.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Calendar::get_month_name">
<code class="descname">get_month_name</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$month</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Calendar::get_month_name" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$month</strong> (<em>int</em>) Month</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Month name</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Generates a textual month name based on the numeric month provided.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Calendar::get_day_names">
<code class="descname">get_day_names</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$day_type = ''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Calendar::get_day_names" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$day_type</strong> (<em>string</em>) long, short, or abr</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Array of day names</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns an array of day names (Sunday, Monday, etc.) based on the type
provided. Options: long, short, abr. If no <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$day_type</span></code> is provided (or
if an invalid type is provided) this method will return the “abbreviated”
style.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Calendar::adjust_date">
<code class="descname">adjust_date</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$month</em>, <em>$year</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Calendar::adjust_date" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$month</strong> (<em>int</em>) Month</li>
<li><strong>$year</strong> (<em>int</em>) Year</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An associative array containing month and year</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method makes sure that you have a valid month/year. For example, if
you submit 13 as the month, the year will increment and the month will
become January:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print_r</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">calendar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">adjust_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2014</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>outputs:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Array</span>
<span class="p">(</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">month</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;01&#39;</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">year</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;2015&#39;</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Calendar::get_total_days">
<code class="descname">get_total_days</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$month</em>, <em>$year</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Calendar::get_total_days" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$month</strong> (<em>int</em>) Month</li>
<li><strong>$year</strong> (<em>int</em>) Year</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Count of days in the specified month</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Total days in a given month:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">calendar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_total_days</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2012</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// 29</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This method is an alias for <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html"><span class="doc">Date Helper</span></a> function <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html#days_in_month" title="days_in_month"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">days_in_month()</span></code></a>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Calendar::default_template">
<code class="descname">default_template</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Calendar::default_template" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An array of template values</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sets the default template. This method is used when you have not created
your own template.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Calendar::parse_template">
<code class="descname">parse_template</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Calendar::parse_template" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">CI_Calendar instance (method chaining)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">CI_Calendar</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Harvests the data within the template <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">{pseudo-variables}</span></code> used to
display the calendar.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
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<div class="section" id="config-class">
<h1>Config Class<a class="headerlink" href="#config-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Config class provides a means to retrieve configuration preferences.
These preferences can come from the default config file
(application/config/config.php) or from your own custom config files.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This class is initialized automatically by the system so there
is no need to do it manually.</p>
</div>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#working-with-the-config-class" id="id1">Working with the Config Class</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#anatomy-of-a-config-file" id="id2">Anatomy of a Config File</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-a-config-file" id="id3">Loading a Config File</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#manual-loading" id="id4">Manual Loading</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#auto-loading" id="id5">Auto-loading</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fetching-config-items" id="id6">Fetching Config Items</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#setting-a-config-item" id="id7">Setting a Config Item</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#environments" id="id8">Environments</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id9">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="working-with-the-config-class">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Working with the Config Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#working-with-the-config-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="anatomy-of-a-config-file">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Anatomy of a Config File</a><a class="headerlink" href="#anatomy-of-a-config-file" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>By default, CodeIgniter has one primary config file, located at
application/config/config.php. If you open the file using your text
editor youll see that config items are stored in an array called
$config.</p>
<p>You can add your own config items to this file, or if you prefer to keep
your configuration items separate (assuming you even need config items),
simply create your own file and save it in config folder.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If you do create your own config files use the same format as
the primary one, storing your items in an array called $config.
CodeIgniter will intelligently manage these files so there will be no
conflict even though the array has the same name (assuming an array
index is not named the same as another).</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="loading-a-config-file">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Loading a Config File</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-a-config-file" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">CodeIgniter automatically loads the primary config file
(application/config/config.php), so you will only need to load a config
file if you have created your own.</p>
</div>
<p>There are two ways to load a config file:</p>
<div class="section" id="manual-loading">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Manual Loading</a><a class="headerlink" href="#manual-loading" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>To load one of your custom config files you will use the following
function within the <a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a> that
needs it:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">config</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Where filename is the name of your config file, without the .php file
extension.</p>
<p>If you need to load multiple config files normally they will be
merged into one master config array. Name collisions can occur,
however, if you have identically named array indexes in different
config files. To avoid collisions you can set the second parameter to
TRUE and each config file will be stored in an array index
corresponding to the name of the config file. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Stored in an array with this prototype: $this-&gt;config[&#39;blog_settings&#39;] = $config</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">config</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog_settings&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Please see the section entitled Fetching Config Items below to learn
how to retrieve config items set this way.</p>
<p>The third parameter allows you to suppress errors in the event that a
config file does not exist:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">config</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog_settings&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="auto-loading">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Auto-loading</a><a class="headerlink" href="#auto-loading" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>If you find that you need a particular config file globally, you can
have it loaded automatically by the system. To do this, open the
<strong>autoload.php</strong> file, located at application/config/autoload.php,
and add your config file as indicated in the file.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="fetching-config-items">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Fetching Config Items</a><a class="headerlink" href="#fetching-config-items" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>To retrieve an item from your config file, use the following function:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">config</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item_name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Where item_name is the $config array index you want to retrieve. For
example, to fetch your language choice youll do this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$lang</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">config</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;language&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The function returns NULL if the item you are trying to fetch
does not exist.</p>
<p>If you are using the second parameter of the $this-&gt;config-&gt;load
function in order to assign your config items to a specific index you
can retrieve it by specifying the index name in the second parameter of
the $this-&gt;config-&gt;item() function. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Loads a config file named blog_settings.php and assigns it to an index named &quot;blog_settings&quot;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">config</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog_settings&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Retrieve a config item named site_name contained within the blog_settings array</span>
<span class="nv">$site_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">config</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;site_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;blog_settings&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// An alternate way to specify the same item:</span>
<span class="nv">$blog_config</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">config</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog_settings&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$site_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$blog_config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;site_name&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="setting-a-config-item">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Setting a Config Item</a><a class="headerlink" href="#setting-a-config-item" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you would like to dynamically set a config item or change an existing
one, you can do so using:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">config</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_item</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;item_value&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Where item_name is the $config array index you want to change, and
item_value is its value.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="environments">
<span id="config-environments"></span><h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Environments</a><a class="headerlink" href="#environments" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>You may load different configuration files depending on the current
environment. The ENVIRONMENT constant is defined in index.php, and is
described in detail in the <a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html"><span class="doc">Handling
Environments</span></a> section.</p>
<p>To create an environment-specific configuration file, create or copy a
configuration file in application/config/{ENVIRONMENT}/{FILENAME}.php</p>
<p>For example, to create a production-only config.php, you would:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>Create the directory application/config/production/</li>
<li>Copy your existing config.php into the above directory</li>
<li>Edit application/config/production/config.php so it contains your
production settings</li>
</ol>
<p>When you set the ENVIRONMENT constant to production, the settings for
your new production-only config.php will be loaded.</p>
<p>You can place the following configuration files in environment-specific
folders:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Default CodeIgniter configuration files</li>
<li>Your own custom configuration files</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">CodeIgniter always loads the global config file first (i.e., the one in application/config/),
then tries to load the configuration files for the current environment.
This means you are not obligated to place <strong>all</strong> of your configuration files in an
environment folder. Only the files that change per environment. Additionally you dont
have to copy <strong>all</strong> the config items in the environment config file. Only the config items
that you wish to change for your environment. The config items declared in your environment
folders always overwrite those in your global config files.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Config">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Config</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Config" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="attribute">
<dt>
<code class="descname">$config</code></dt>
<dd><p>Array of all loaded config values</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt>
<code class="descname">$is_loaded</code></dt>
<dd><p>Array of all loaded config files</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Config::item">
<code class="descname">item</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$item</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$index=''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Config::item" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$item</strong> (<em>string</em>) Config item name</li>
<li><strong>$index</strong> (<em>string</em>) Index name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Config item value or NULL if not found</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Fetch a config file item.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Config::set_item">
<code class="descname">set_item</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$item</em>, <em>$value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Config::set_item" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$item</strong> (<em>string</em>) Config item name</li>
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) Config item value</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sets a config file item to the specified value.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Config::slash_item">
<code class="descname">slash_item</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$item</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Config::slash_item" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$item</strong> (<em>string</em>) config item name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Config item value with a trailing forward slash or NULL if not found</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method is identical to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">item()</span></code>, except it appends a forward
slash to the end of the item, if it exists.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Config::load">
<code class="descname">load</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$file = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$use_sections = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$fail_gracefully = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Config::load" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$file</strong> (<em>string</em>) Configuration file name</li>
<li><strong>$use_sections</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether config values should be loaded into their own section (index of the main config array)</li>
<li><strong>$fail_gracefully</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to return FALSE or to display an error message</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Loads a configuration file.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Config::site_url">
<code class="descname">site_url</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Config::site_url" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Site URL</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method retrieves the URL to your site, along with the “index” value
youve specified in the config file.</p>
<p>This method is normally accessed via the corresponding functions in the
<a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html"><span class="doc">URL Helper</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Config::base_url">
<code class="descname">base_url</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Config::base_url" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Base URL</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method retrieves the URL to your site, plus an optional path such
as to a stylesheet or image.</p>
<p>This method is normally accessed via the corresponding functions in the
<a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html"><span class="doc">URL Helper</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Config::system_url">
<code class="descname">system_url</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Config::system_url" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">URL pointing at your CI system/ directory</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method retrieves the URL to your CodeIgniter system/ directory.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This method is DEPRECATED because it encourages usage of
insecure coding practices. Your <em>system/</em> directory shouldnt
be publicly accessible.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="section" id="encrypt-class">
<h1>Encrypt Class<a class="headerlink" href="#encrypt-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Encrypt Class provides two-way data encryption. It encrypted using
the Mcrypt PHP extension, which is required for the Encrypt Class to run.</p>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">This library has been DEPRECATED and is only kept for
backwards compatibility. Please use the new <a class="reference internal" href="encryption.html"><span class="doc">Encryption Library</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-encrypt-library" id="id1">Using the Encrypt Library</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#setting-your-key" id="id2">Setting your Key</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#message-length" id="id3">Message Length</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-the-class" id="id4">Initializing the Class</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id5">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="using-the-encrypt-library">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Using the Encrypt Library</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-encrypt-library" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="setting-your-key">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Setting your Key</a><a class="headerlink" href="#setting-your-key" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>A <em>key</em> is a piece of information that controls the cryptographic
process and permits an encrypted string to be decoded. In fact, the key
you chose will provide the <strong>only</strong> means to decode data that was
encrypted with that key, so not only must you choose the key carefully,
you must never change it if you intend use it for persistent data.</p>
<p>It goes without saying that you should guard your key carefully. Should
someone gain access to your key, the data will be easily decoded. If
your server is not totally under your control its impossible to ensure
key security so you may want to think carefully before using it for
anything that requires high security, like storing credit card numbers.</p>
<p>To take maximum advantage of the encryption algorithm, your key should
be 32 characters in length (256 bits). The key should be as random a
string as you can concoct, with numbers and uppercase and lowercase
letters. Your key should <strong>not</strong> be a simple text string. In order to be
cryptographically secure it needs to be as random as possible.</p>
<p>Your key can be either stored in your <strong>application/config/config.php</strong>, or
you can design your own storage mechanism and pass the key dynamically
when encoding/decoding.</p>
<p>To save your key to your <strong>application/config/config.php</strong>, open the file
and set:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;encryption_key&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;YOUR KEY&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="message-length">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Message Length</a><a class="headerlink" href="#message-length" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Its important for you to know that the encoded messages the encryption
function generates will be approximately 2.6 times longer than the
original message. For example, if you encrypt the string “my super
secret data”, which is 21 characters in length, youll end up with an
encoded string that is roughly 55 characters (we say “roughly” because
the encoded string length increments in 64 bit clusters, so its not
exactly linear). Keep this information in mind when selecting your data
storage mechanism. Cookies, for example, can only hold 4K of
information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="initializing-the-class">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Initializing the Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-the-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Like most other classes in CodeIgniter, the Encrypt class is
initialized in your controller using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;load-&gt;library()</span></code>
method:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;encrypt&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once loaded, the Encrypt library object will be available using:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">encrypt</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Encrypt">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Encrypt</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Encrypt" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Encrypt::encode">
<code class="descname">encode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$string</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$key = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Encrypt::encode" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$string</strong> (<em>string</em>) Data to encrypt</li>
<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>string</em>) Encryption key</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Encrypted string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Performs the data encryption and returns it as a string. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My secret message&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$encrypted_string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">encrypt</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$msg</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can optionally pass your encryption key via the second parameter if
you dont want to use the one in your config file:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My secret message&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;super-secret-key&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$encrypted_string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">encrypt</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$msg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$key</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Encrypt::decode">
<code class="descname">decode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$string</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$key = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Encrypt::decode" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$string</strong> (<em>string</em>) String to decrypt</li>
<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>string</em>) Encryption key</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Plain-text string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Decrypts an encoded string. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$encrypted_string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;APANtByIGI1BpVXZTJgcsAG8GZl8pdwwa84&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$plaintext_string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">encrypt</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$encrypted_string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can optionally pass your encryption key via the second parameter if
you dont want to use the one in your config file:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My secret message&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$key</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;super-secret-key&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$encrypted_string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">encrypt</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$msg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$key</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Encrypt::set_cipher">
<code class="descname">set_cipher</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$cipher</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Encrypt::set_cipher" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$cipher</strong> (<em>int</em>) Valid PHP MCrypt cypher constant</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Encrypt instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Encrypt</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to set an Mcrypt cipher. By default it uses
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256</span></code>. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">encrypt</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_cipher</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">MCRYPT_BLOWFISH</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Please visit php.net for a list of <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/mcrypt">available ciphers</a>.</p>
<p>If youd like to manually test whether your server supports MCrypt you
can use:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nb">extension_loaded</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;mcrypt&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">?</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Yup&#39;</span> <span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Nope&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Encrypt::set_mode">
<code class="descname">set_mode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$mode</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Encrypt::set_mode" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$mode</strong> (<em>int</em>) Valid PHP MCrypt mode constant</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Encrypt instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Encrypt</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to set an Mcrypt mode. By default it uses <strong>MCRYPT_MODE_CBC</strong>.
Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">encrypt</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_mode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">MCRYPT_MODE_CFB</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Please visit php.net for a list of <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/mcrypt">available modes</a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Encrypt::encode_from_legacy">
<code class="descname">encode_from_legacy</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$string</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$legacy_mode = MCRYPT_MODE_ECB</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$key = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Encrypt::encode_from_legacy" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$string</strong> (<em>string</em>) String to encrypt</li>
<li><strong>$legacy_mode</strong> (<em>int</em>) Valid PHP MCrypt cipher constant</li>
<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>string</em>) Encryption key</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Newly encrypted string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Enables you to re-encode data that was originally encrypted with
CodeIgniter 1.x to be compatible with the Encrypt library in
CodeIgniter 2.x. It is only necessary to use this method if you have
encrypted data stored permanently such as in a file or database and are
on a server that supports Mcrypt. “Light” use encryption such as
encrypted session data or transitory encrypted flashdata require no
intervention on your part. However, existing encrypted Sessions will be
destroyed since data encrypted prior to 2.x will not be decoded.</p>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last"><strong>Why only a method to re-encode the data instead of maintaining legacy
methods for both encoding and decoding?</strong> The algorithms in the
Encrypt library have improved in CodeIgniter 2.x both for performance
and security, and we do not wish to encourage continued use of the older
methods. You can of course extend the Encryption library if you wish and
replace the new methods with the old and retain seamless compatibility
with CodeIgniter 1.x encrypted data, but this a decision that a
developer should make cautiously and deliberately, if at all.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$new_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">encrypt</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">encode_from_legacy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$old_encrypted_string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="20%" />
<col width="14%" />
<col width="66%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Parameter</th>
<th class="head">Default</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>$orig_data</strong></td>
<td>n/a</td>
<td>The original encrypted data from CodeIgniter 1.xs Encryption library</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>$legacy_mode</strong></td>
<td>MCRYPT_MODE_ECB</td>
<td>The Mcrypt mode that was used to generate the original encrypted data.
CodeIgniter 1.xs default was MCRYPT_MODE_ECB, and it will assume that
to be the case unless overridden by this parameter.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>$key</strong></td>
<td>n/a</td>
<td>The encryption key. This it typically specified in your config file as
outlined above.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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Last updated on Sep 19, 2019.
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<li>Javascript Class</li>
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<div class="section" id="javascript-class">
<h1>Javascript Class<a class="headerlink" href="#javascript-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>CodeIgniter provides a library to help you with certain common functions
that you may want to use with Javascript. Please note that CodeIgniter
does not require the jQuery library to run, and that any scripting
library will work equally well. The jQuery library is simply presented
as a convenience if you choose to use it.</p>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">This library is DEPRECATED and should not be used. It has always
been with an experimental status and is now no longer supported.
Currently only kept for backwards compatibility.</p>
</div>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-javascript-class" id="id3">Using the Javascript Class</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-the-class" id="id4">Initializing the Class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#setup-and-configuration" id="id5">Setup and Configuration</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#set-these-variables-in-your-view" id="id6">Set these variables in your view</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#set-the-path-to-the-librarys-with-config-items" id="id7">Set the path to the librarys with config items</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-jquery-class" id="id8">The jQuery Class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#jquery-events" id="id9">jQuery Events</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#effects" id="id10">Effects</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#hide-show" id="id11">hide() / show()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#toggle" id="id12">toggle()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#animate" id="id13">animate()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fadein-fadeout" id="id14">fadeIn() / fadeOut()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#toggleclass" id="id15">toggleClass()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id2" id="id16">fadeIn() / fadeOut()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#slideup-slidedown-slidetoggle" id="id17">slideUp() / slideDown() / slideToggle()</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#plugins" id="id18">Plugins</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#corner" id="id19">corner()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tablesorter" id="id20">tablesorter()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#modal" id="id21">modal()</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#calendar" id="id22">calendar()</a></li>
</ul>
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</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="using-the-javascript-class">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Using the Javascript Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-javascript-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="initializing-the-class">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Initializing the Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-the-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>To initialize the Javascript class manually in your controller
constructor, use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;load-&gt;library()</span></code> method. Currently,
the only available library is jQuery, which will automatically be
loaded like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;javascript&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The Javascript class also accepts parameters:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>js_library_driver (string) <em>default: jquery</em></li>
<li>autoload (bool) <em>default: TRUE</em></li>
</ul>
<p>You may override the defaults by sending an associative array:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;javascript&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;js_library_driver&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;scripto&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;autoload&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Again, presently only jquery is available. You may wish to set
autoload to FALSE, though, if you do not want the jQuery library to
automatically include a script tag for the main jQuery script file. This
is useful if you are loading it from a location outside of CodeIgniter,
or already have the script tag in your markup.</p>
<p>Once loaded, the jQuery library object will be available using:</p>
<blockquote>
<div>$this-&gt;javascript</div></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="setup-and-configuration">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Setup and Configuration</a><a class="headerlink" href="#setup-and-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<div class="section" id="set-these-variables-in-your-view">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Set these variables in your view</a><a class="headerlink" href="#set-these-variables-in-your-view" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>As a Javascript library, your files must be available to your
application.</p>
<p>As Javascript is a client side language, the library must be able to
write content into your final output. This generally means a view.
Youll need to include the following variables in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;head&gt;</span></code>
sections of your output.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$library_src</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
<span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$script_head</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$library_src</span></code>, is where the actual library file will be loaded, as
well as any subsequent plugin script calls; $script_head is where
specific events, functions and other commands will be rendered.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="set-the-path-to-the-librarys-with-config-items">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Set the path to the librarys with config items</a><a class="headerlink" href="#set-the-path-to-the-librarys-with-config-items" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>There are some configuration items in Javascript library. These can
either be set in <em>application/config.php</em>, within its own
<em>config/javascript.php</em> file, or within any controller usings the
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_item()</span></code> function.</p>
<p>An image to be used as an “ajax loader”, or progress indicator. Without
one, the simple text message of “loading” will appear when Ajax calls
need to be made.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;javascript_location&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://localhost/codeigniter/themes/js/jquery/&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;javascript_ajax_img&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;images/ajax-loader.gif&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you keep your files in the same directories they were downloaded
from, then you need not set this configuration items.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-jquery-class">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">The jQuery Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-jquery-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>To initialize the jQuery class manually in your controller constructor,
use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;load-&gt;library()</span></code> method:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;javascript/jquery&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You may send an optional parameter to determine whether or not a script
tag for the main jQuery file will be automatically included when loading
the library. It will be created by default. To prevent this, load the
library as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;javascript/jquery&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once loaded, the jQuery library object will be available using:</p>
<blockquote>
<div>$this-&gt;jquery</div></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="jquery-events">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">jQuery Events</a><a class="headerlink" href="#jquery-events" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Events are set using the following syntax.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">event</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;element_path&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">code_to_run</span><span class="p">());</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In the above example:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>“event” is any of blur, change, click, dblclick, error, focus, hover,
keydown, keyup, load, mousedown, mouseup, mouseover, mouseup, resize,
scroll, or unload.</li>
<li>“element_path” is any valid <a class="reference external" href="http://api.jquery.com/category/selectors/">jQuery selector</a>. Due to jQuerys unique
selector syntax, this is usually an element id, or CSS selector. For
example “#notice_area” would effect <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;div</span> <span class="pre">id=&quot;notice_area&quot;&gt;</span></code>, and
“#content a.notice” would effect all anchors with a class of “notice”
in the div with id “content”.</li>
<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">code_to_run()</span></code>” is script your write yourself, or an action such as
an effect from the jQuery library below.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="effects">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Effects</a><a class="headerlink" href="#effects" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The query library supports a powerful
<a class="reference external" href="http://api.jquery.com/category/effects/">Effects</a> repertoire. Before an effect
can be used, it must be loaded:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">effect</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">path</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nx">plugin</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// for example $this-&gt;jquery-&gt;effect(&#39;bounce&#39;);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hide-show">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">hide() / show()</a><a class="headerlink" href="#hide-show" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>Each of this functions will affect the visibility of an item on your
page. hide() will set an item invisible, show() will reveal it.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">hide</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">speed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">extra</span> <span class="nx">information</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">show</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">speed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">extra</span> <span class="nx">information</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>“target” will be any valid jQuery selector or selectors.</li>
<li>“speed” is optional, and is set to either slow, normal, fast, or
alternatively a number of milliseconds.</li>
<li>“extra information” is optional, and could include a callback, or
other additional information.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="toggle">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12">toggle()</a><a class="headerlink" href="#toggle" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>toggle() will change the visibility of an item to the opposite of its
current state, hiding visible elements, and revealing hidden ones.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">toggle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>“target” will be any valid jQuery selector or selectors.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="animate">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">animate()</a><a class="headerlink" href="#animate" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">animate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">parameters</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">speed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">extra</span> <span class="nx">information</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>“target” will be any valid jQuery selector or selectors.</li>
<li>“parameters” in jQuery would generally include a series of CSS
properties that you wish to change.</li>
<li>“speed” is optional, and is set to either slow, normal, fast, or
alternatively a number of milliseconds.</li>
<li>“extra information” is optional, and could include a callback, or
other additional information.</li>
</ul>
<p>For a full summary, see
<a class="reference external" href="http://api.jquery.com/animate/">http://api.jquery.com/animate/</a></p>
<p>Here is an example of an animate() called on a div with an id of “note”,
and triggered by a click using the jQuery librarys click() event.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$params</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;width&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;50%&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;marginLeft&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">125</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">click</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;#trigger&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">animate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;#note&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$params</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;normal&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="fadein-fadeout">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14">fadeIn() / fadeOut()</a><a class="headerlink" href="#fadein-fadeout" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fadeIn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">speed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">extra</span> <span class="nx">information</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fadeOut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">speed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">extra</span> <span class="nx">information</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>“target” will be any valid jQuery selector or selectors.</li>
<li>“speed” is optional, and is set to either slow, normal, fast, or
alternatively a number of milliseconds.</li>
<li>“extra information” is optional, and could include a callback, or
other additional information.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="toggleclass">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id15">toggleClass()</a><a class="headerlink" href="#toggleclass" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>This function will add or remove a CSS class to its target.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">toggleClass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>“target” will be any valid jQuery selector or selectors.</li>
<li>“class” is any CSS classname. Note that this class must be defined
and available in a CSS that is already loaded.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id2">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id16">fadeIn() / fadeOut()</a><a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>These effects cause an element(s) to disappear or reappear over time.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fadeIn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">speed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">extra</span> <span class="nx">information</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">fadeOut</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">speed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">extra</span> <span class="nx">information</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>“target” will be any valid jQuery selector or selectors.</li>
<li>“speed” is optional, and is set to either slow, normal, fast, or
alternatively a number of milliseconds.</li>
<li>“extra information” is optional, and could include a callback, or
other additional information.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="slideup-slidedown-slidetoggle">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17">slideUp() / slideDown() / slideToggle()</a><a class="headerlink" href="#slideup-slidedown-slidetoggle" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>These effects cause an element(s) to slide.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">slideUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">speed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">extra</span> <span class="nx">information</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">slideDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">speed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">extra</span> <span class="nx">information</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">slideToggle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">speed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">optional</span> <span class="nx">extra</span> <span class="nx">information</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>“target” will be any valid jQuery selector or selectors.</li>
<li>“speed” is optional, and is set to either slow, normal, fast, or
alternatively a number of milliseconds.</li>
<li>“extra information” is optional, and could include a callback, or
other additional information.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="plugins">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18">Plugins</a><a class="headerlink" href="#plugins" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Some select jQuery plugins are made available using this library.</p>
<div class="section" id="corner">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id19">corner()</a><a class="headerlink" href="#corner" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>Used to add distinct corners to page elements. For full details see
<a class="reference external" href="http://malsup.com/jquery/corner/">http://malsup.com/jquery/corner/</a></p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">corner</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">target</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">corner_style</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>“target” will be any valid jQuery selector or selectors.</li>
<li>“corner_style” is optional, and can be set to any valid style such
as round, sharp, bevel, bite, dog, etc. Individual corners can be set
by following the style with a space and using “tl” (top left), “tr”
(top right), “bl” (bottom left), or “br” (bottom right).</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">jquery</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">corner</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;#note&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;cool tl br&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tablesorter">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20">tablesorter()</a><a class="headerlink" href="#tablesorter" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>description to come</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="modal">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id21">modal()</a><a class="headerlink" href="#modal" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>description to come</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="calendar">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22">calendar()</a><a class="headerlink" href="#calendar" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>description to come</p>
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<div class="section" id="language-class">
<h1>Language Class<a class="headerlink" href="#language-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Language Class provides functions to retrieve language files and
lines of text for purposes of internationalization.</p>
<p>In your CodeIgniter <strong>system</strong> folder, you will find a <strong>language</strong> sub-directory
containing a set of language files for the <strong>english</strong> idiom.
The files in this directory (<strong>system/language/english/</strong>) define the regular messages,
error messages, and other generally output terms or expressions, for the different parts
of the CodeIgniter framework.</p>
<p>You can create or incorporate your own language files, as needed, in order to provide
application-specific error and other messages, or to provide translations of the core
messages into other languages. These translations or additional messages would go inside
your <strong>application/language/</strong> directory, with separate sub-directories for each idiom
(for instance, french or german).</p>
<p>The CodeIgniter framework comes with a set of language files for the “english” idiom.
Additional approved translations for different idioms may be found in the
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/bcit-ci/codeigniter3-translations">CodeIgniter 3 Translations repositories</a>.
Each repository deals with a single idiom.</p>
<p>When CodeIgniter loads language files, it will load the one in <strong>system/language/</strong>
first and will then look for an override in your <strong>application/language/</strong> directory.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Each language should be stored in its own folder. For example,
the English files are located at: system/language/english</p>
</div>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#handling-multiple-languages" id="id1">Handling Multiple Languages</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#sample-language-files" id="id2">Sample Language Files</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#example-of-switching-languages" id="id3">Example of switching languages</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#internationalization" id="id4">Internationalization</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-language-class" id="id5">Using the Language Class</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-language-files" id="id6">Creating Language Files</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-a-language-file" id="id7">Loading A Language File</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fetching-a-line-of-text" id="id8">Fetching a Line of Text</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-language-lines-as-form-labels" id="id9">Using language lines as form labels</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#auto-loading-languages" id="id10">Auto-loading Languages</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id11">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="handling-multiple-languages">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Handling Multiple Languages</a><a class="headerlink" href="#handling-multiple-languages" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>If you want to support multiple languages in your application, you would provide folders inside
your <strong>application/language/</strong> directory for each of them, and you would specify the default
language in your <strong>application/config/config.php</strong>.</p>
<p>The <strong>application/language/english/</strong> directory would contain any additional language files
needed by your application, for instance for error messages.</p>
<p>Each of the other idiom-specific directories would contain the core language files that you
obtained from the translations repositories, or that you translated yourself, as well as
any additional ones needed by your application.</p>
<p>You would store the language you are currently using, for instance in a session variable.</p>
<div class="section" id="sample-language-files">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Sample Language Files</a><a class="headerlink" href="#sample-language-files" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">system</span><span class="o">/</span>
<span class="nx">language</span><span class="o">/</span>
<span class="nx">english</span><span class="o">/</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="nx">email_lang</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<span class="nx">form_validation_lang</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span>
<span class="nx">language</span><span class="o">/</span>
<span class="nx">english</span><span class="o">/</span>
<span class="nx">error_messages_lang</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<span class="nx">french</span><span class="o">/</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="nx">email_lang</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<span class="nx">error_messages_lang</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<span class="nx">form_validation_lang</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="example-of-switching-languages">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Example of switching languages</a><a class="headerlink" href="#example-of-switching-languages" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$idiom</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;language&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">lang</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;error_messages&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$idiom</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$oops</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">lang</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;message_key&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="internationalization">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Internationalization</a><a class="headerlink" href="#internationalization" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The Language class in CodeIgniter is meant to provide an easy and lightweight
way to support multiplelanguages in your application. It is not meant to be a
full implementation of what is commonly called <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization">internationalization and localization</a>.</p>
<p>We use the term “idiom” to refer to a language using its common name,
rather than using any of the international standards, such as “en”, “en-US”,
or “en-CA-x-ca” for English and some of its variants.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">There is nothing to prevent you from using those abbreviations in your application!</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-the-language-class">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Using the Language Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-language-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="creating-language-files">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Creating Language Files</a><a class="headerlink" href="#creating-language-files" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Language files must be named with <strong>_lang.php</strong> as the filename extension.
For example, lets say you want to create a file containing error messages.
You might name it: error_lang.php</p>
<p>Within the file you will assign each line of text to an array called
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$lang</span></code> with this prototype:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$lang</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;language_key&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;The actual message to be shown&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Its a good practice to use a common prefix for all messages
in a given file to avoid collisions with similarly named items in other
files. For example, if you are creating error messages you might prefix
them with error_</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$lang</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;error_email_missing&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;You must submit an email address&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$lang</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;error_url_missing&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;You must submit a URL&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$lang</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;error_username_missing&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;You must submit a username&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="loading-a-language-file">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Loading A Language File</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-a-language-file" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>In order to fetch a line from a particular file you must load the file
first. Loading a language file is done with the following code:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">lang</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;language&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Where filename is the name of the file you wish to load (without the
file extension), and language is the language set containing it (ie,
english). If the second parameter is missing, the default language set
in your <strong>application/config/config.php</strong> file will be used.</p>
<p>You can also load multiple language files at the same time by passing an array of language files as first parameter.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">lang</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;filename2&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The <em>language</em> parameter can only consist of letters.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="fetching-a-line-of-text">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Fetching a Line of Text</a><a class="headerlink" href="#fetching-a-line-of-text" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Once your desired language file is loaded you can access any line of
text using this function:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">lang</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;language_key&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Where <em>language_key</em> is the array key corresponding to the line you wish
to show.</p>
<p>You can optionally pass FALSE as the second argument of that method to
disable error logging, in case youre not sure if the line exists:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">lang</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;misc_key&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This method simply returns the line. It does not echo it.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="using-language-lines-as-form-labels">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">Using language lines as form labels</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-language-lines-as-form-labels" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>This feature has been deprecated from the language library and moved to
the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html#lang" title="lang"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">lang()</span></code></a> function of the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html"><span class="doc">Language Helper</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="auto-loading-languages">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Auto-loading Languages</a><a class="headerlink" href="#auto-loading-languages" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you find that you need a particular language globally throughout your
application, you can tell CodeIgniter to <a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html"><span class="doc">auto-load</span></a> it during system initialization. This is done
by opening the <strong>application/config/autoload.php</strong> file and adding the
language(s) to the autoload array.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Lang">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Lang</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Lang" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Lang::load">
<code class="descname">load</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$langfile</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$idiom = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$return = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$add_suffix = TRUE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$alt_path = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Lang::load" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$langfile</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) Language file to load or array with multiple files</li>
<li><strong>$idiom</strong> (<em>string</em>) Language name (i.e. english)</li>
<li><strong>$return</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to return the loaded array of translations</li>
<li><strong>$add_suffix</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to add the _lang suffix to the language file name</li>
<li><strong>$alt_path</strong> (<em>string</em>) An alternative path to look in for the language file</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Array of language lines if $return is set to TRUE, otherwise void</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Loads a language file.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Lang::line">
<code class="descname">line</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$line</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$log_errors = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Lang::line" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$line</strong> (<em>string</em>) Language line key name</li>
<li><strong>$log_errors</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to log an error if the line isnt found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Language line string or FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Fetches a single translation line from the already loaded language files,
based on the lines name.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
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<div class="section" id="migrations-class">
<h1>Migrations Class<a class="headerlink" href="#migrations-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Migrations are a convenient way for you to alter your database in a
structured and organized manner. You could edit fragments of SQL by hand
but you would then be responsible for telling other developers that they
need to go and run them. You would also have to keep track of which changes
need to be run against the production machines next time you deploy.</p>
<p>The database table <strong>migration</strong> tracks which migrations have already been
run so all you have to do is update your application files and
call <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;migration-&gt;current()</span></code> to work out which migrations should be run.
The current version is found in <strong>application/config/migration.php</strong>.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#migration-file-names" id="id1">Migration file names</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#create-a-migration" id="id2">Create a Migration</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#usage-example" id="id3">Usage Example</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#migration-preferences" id="id4">Migration Preferences</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id5">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="migration-file-names">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Migration file names</a><a class="headerlink" href="#migration-file-names" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Each Migration is run in numeric order forward or backwards depending on the
method taken. Two numbering styles are available:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><strong>Sequential:</strong> each migration is numbered in sequence, starting with <strong>001</strong>.
Each number must be three digits, and there must not be any gaps in the
sequence. (This was the numbering scheme prior to CodeIgniter 3.0.)</li>
<li><strong>Timestamp:</strong> each migration is numbered using the timestamp when the migration
was created, in <strong>YYYYMMDDHHIISS</strong> format (e.g. <strong>20121031100537</strong>). This
helps prevent numbering conflicts when working in a team environment, and is
the preferred scheme in CodeIgniter 3.0 and later.</li>
</ul>
<p>The desired style may be selected using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['migration_type']</span></code>
setting in your <em>application/config/migration.php</em> file.</p>
<p>Regardless of which numbering style you choose to use, prefix your migration
files with the migration number followed by an underscore and a descriptive
name for the migration. For example:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>001_add_blog.php (sequential numbering)</li>
<li>20121031100537_add_blog.php (timestamp numbering)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="create-a-migration">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Create a Migration</a><a class="headerlink" href="#create-a-migration" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This will be the first migration for a new site which has a blog. All
migrations go in the <strong>application/migrations/</strong> directory and have names such
as <em>20121031100537_add_blog.php</em>.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<span class="nb">defined</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;BASEPATH&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">OR</span> <span class="k">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;No direct script access allowed&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Migration_Add_blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Migration</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">up</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">dbforge</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_field</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;blog_id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;type&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;INT&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;constraint&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;unsigned&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;auto_increment&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span>
<span class="p">),</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;blog_title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;type&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;VARCHAR&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;constraint&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;100&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">),</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;blog_description&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;type&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;TEXT&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;null&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">));</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">dbforge</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_key</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog_id&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">dbforge</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">create_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">down</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">dbforge</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">drop_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Then in <strong>application/config/migration.php</strong> set <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['migration_version']</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">20121031100537;</span></code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="usage-example">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Usage Example</a><a class="headerlink" href="#usage-example" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>In this example some simple code is placed in <strong>application/controllers/Migrate.php</strong>
to update the schema.:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Migrate</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;migration&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">migration</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">current</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">show_error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">migration</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">error_string</span><span class="p">());</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="migration-preferences">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Migration Preferences</a><a class="headerlink" href="#migration-preferences" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following is a table of all the config options for migrations.</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="22%" />
<col width="18%" />
<col width="22%" />
<col width="38%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Preference</th>
<th class="head">Default</th>
<th class="head">Options</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>migration_enabled</strong></td>
<td>FALSE</td>
<td>TRUE / FALSE</td>
<td>Enable or disable migrations.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>migration_path</strong></td>
<td>APPPATH.migrations/</td>
<td>None</td>
<td>The path to your migrations folder.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>migration_version</strong></td>
<td>0</td>
<td>None</td>
<td>The current version your database should use.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>migration_table</strong></td>
<td>migrations</td>
<td>None</td>
<td>The table name for storing the schema
version number.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>migration_auto_latest</strong></td>
<td>FALSE</td>
<td>TRUE / FALSE</td>
<td>Enable or disable automatically
running migrations.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>migration_type</strong></td>
<td>timestamp</td>
<td>timestamp / sequential</td>
<td>The type of numeric identifier used to name
migration files.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Migration">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Migration</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Migration" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Migration::current">
<code class="descname">current</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Migration::current" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">TRUE if no migrations are found, current version string on success, FALSE on failure</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">mixed</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Migrates up to the current version (whatever is set for
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['migration_version']</span></code> in <em>application/config/migration.php</em>).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Migration::error_string">
<code class="descname">error_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Migration::error_string" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Error messages</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This returns a string of errors that were detected while performing a migration.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Migration::find_migrations">
<code class="descname">find_migrations</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Migration::find_migrations" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An array of migration files</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>An array of migration filenames are returned that are found in the <strong>migration_path</strong> property.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Migration::latest">
<code class="descname">latest</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Migration::latest" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Current version string on success, FALSE on failure</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">mixed</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This works much the same way as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">current()</span></code> but instead of looking for
the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['migration_version']</span></code> the Migration class will use the very
newest migration found in the filesystem.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Migration::version">
<code class="descname">version</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$target_version</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Migration::version" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$target_version</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) Migration version to process</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if no migrations are found, current version string on success, FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Version can be used to roll back changes or step forwards programmatically to
specific versions. It works just like <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">current()</span></code> but ignores <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['migration_version']</span></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">migration</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">version</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
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<li>Output Class</li>
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<div class="section" id="output-class">
<h1>Output Class<a class="headerlink" href="#output-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Output class is a core class with one main function: To send the
finalized web page to the requesting browser. It is also responsible for
<a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html"><span class="doc">caching</span></a> your web pages, if you use that
feature.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This class is initialized automatically by the system so there
is no need to do it manually.</p>
</div>
<p>Under normal circumstances you wont even notice the Output class since
it works transparently without your intervention. For example, when you
use the <a class="reference internal" href="loader.html"><span class="doc">Loader</span></a> class to load a view file,
its automatically passed to the Output class, which will be called
automatically by CodeIgniter at the end of system execution. It is
possible, however, for you to manually intervene with the output if you
need to.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id1">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Output">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Output</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="attribute">
<dt>
<code class="descname">$parse_exec_vars = TRUE;</code></dt>
<dd><p>Enables/disables parsing of the {elapsed_time} and {memory_usage} pseudo-variables.</p>
<p>CodeIgniter will parse those tokens in your output by default. To disable this, set
this property to FALSE in your controller.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parse_exec_vars</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::set_output">
<code class="descname">set_output</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$output</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::set_output" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$output</strong> (<em>string</em>) String to set the output to</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to manually set the final output string. Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">If you do set your output manually, it must be the last thing done
in the function you call it from. For example, if you build a page in one
of your controller methods, dont set the output until the end.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::set_content_type">
<code class="descname">set_content_type</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$mime_type</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$charset = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::set_content_type" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$mime_type</strong> (<em>string</em>) MIME Type idenitifer string</li>
<li><strong>$charset</strong> (<em>string</em>) Character set</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to set the mime-type of your page so you can serve JSON data, JPEGs, XML, etc easily.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span>
<span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_content_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;application/json&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">json_encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bar&#39;</span><span class="p">)));</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span>
<span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_content_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;jpeg&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// You could also use &quot;.jpeg&quot; which will have the full stop removed before looking in config/mimes.php</span>
<span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">file_get_contents</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;files/something.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">Make sure any non-mime string you pass to this method
exists in <em>application/config/mimes.php</em> or it will have no effect.</p>
</div>
<p>You can also set the character set of the document, by passing a second argument:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_content_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;css&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::get_content_type">
<code class="descname">get_content_type</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::get_content_type" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Content-Type string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the Content-Type HTTP header thats currently in use, excluding the character set value.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$mime</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_content_type</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If not set, the default return value is text/html.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::get_header">
<code class="descname">get_header</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$header</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::get_header" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$header</strong> (<em>string</em>) HTTP header name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTTP response header or NULL if not found</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the requested HTTP header value, or NULL if the requested header is not set.
Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_content_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;text/plain&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;UTF-8&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;content-type&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Outputs: text/plain; charset=utf-8</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The header name is compared in a case-insensitive manner.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Raw headers sent via PHPs native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">header()</span></code> function are also detected.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::get_output">
<code class="descname">get_output</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::get_output" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Output string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to manually retrieve any output that has been sent for
storage in the output class. Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_output</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that data will only be retrievable from this function if it has
been previously sent to the output class by one of the CodeIgniter
functions like <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;load-&gt;view()</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::append_output">
<code class="descname">append_output</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$output</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::append_output" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$output</strong> (<em>string</em>) Additional output data to append</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Appends data onto the output string.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">append_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::set_header">
<code class="descname">set_header</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$header</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$replace = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::set_header" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$header</strong> (<em>string</em>) HTTP response header</li>
<li><strong>$replace</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to replace the old header value, if it is already set</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to manually set server headers, which the output class will
send for you when outputting the final rendered display. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;HTTP/1.0 200 OK&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;HTTP/1.1 200 OK&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Last-Modified: &#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nb">gmdate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;D, d M Y H:i:s&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$last_update</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39; GMT&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Cache-Control: post-check=0, pre-check=0&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Pragma: no-cache&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::set_status_header">
<code class="descname">set_status_header</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$code = 200</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$text = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::set_status_header" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$code</strong> (<em>int</em>) HTTP status code</li>
<li><strong>$text</strong> (<em>string</em>) Optional message</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to manually set a server status header. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_status_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">401</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Sets the header as: Unauthorized</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html">See here</a> for a full list of headers.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This method is an alias for <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html"><span class="doc">Common function</span></a>
<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_status_header()</span></code>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::enable_profiler">
<code class="descname">enable_profiler</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$val = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::enable_profiler" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$val</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to enable or disable the Profiler</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to enable/disable the <a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html"><span class="doc">Profiler</span></a>, which will display benchmark
and other data at the bottom of your pages for debugging and optimization purposes.</p>
<p>To enable the profiler place the following line anywhere within your
<a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html"><span class="doc">Controller</span></a> methods:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">enable_profiler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>When enabled a report will be generated and inserted at the bottom of your pages.</p>
<p>To disable the profiler you would use:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">enable_profiler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::set_profiler_sections">
<code class="descname">set_profiler_sections</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$sections</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::set_profiler_sections" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$sections</strong> (<em>array</em>) Profiler sections</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to enable/disable specific sections of the Profiler when it is enabled.
Please refer to the <a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html"><span class="doc">Profiler</span></a> documentation for further information.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::cache">
<code class="descname">cache</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$time</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::cache" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>int</em>) Cache expiration time in minutes</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Caches the current page for the specified amount of minutes.</p>
<p>For more information, please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html"><span class="doc">caching documentation</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::_display">
<code class="descname">_display</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$output = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::_display" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$output</strong> (<em>string</em>) Output data override</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sends finalized output data to the browser along with any server headers. It also stops benchmark
timers.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This method is called automatically at the end of script execution, you wont need to
call it manually unless you are aborting script execution using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">exit()</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">die()</span></code> in your code.</p>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;status&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;OK&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">output</span>
<span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_status_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_content_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;application/json&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">json_encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$response</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">JSON_PRETTY_PRINT</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">_display</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">exit</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Calling this method manually without aborting script execution will result in duplicated output.</p>
</div>
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<div class="section" id="pagination-class">
<h1>Pagination Class<a class="headerlink" href="#pagination-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>CodeIgniters Pagination class is very easy to use, and it is 100%
customizable, either dynamically or via stored preferences.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#example" id="id1">Example</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#notes" id="id2">Notes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#setting-preferences-in-a-config-file" id="id3">Setting preferences in a config file</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-the-pagination" id="id4">Customizing the Pagination</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-enclosing-markup" id="id5">Adding Enclosing Markup</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-the-first-link" id="id6">Customizing the First Link</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-the-last-link" id="id7">Customizing the Last Link</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-the-next-link" id="id8">Customizing the “Next” Link</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-the-previous-link" id="id9">Customizing the “Previous” Link</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-the-current-page-link" id="id10">Customizing the “Current Page” Link</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-the-digit-link" id="id11">Customizing the “Digit” Link</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#hiding-the-pages" id="id12">Hiding the Pages</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-attributes-to-anchors" id="id13">Adding attributes to anchors</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#disabling-the-rel-attribute" id="id14">Disabling the “rel” attribute</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id15">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><p>If you are not familiar with the term “pagination”, it refers to links
that allows you to navigate from page to page, like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">«</span> <span class="nx">First  </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx"> 1 2 3 4 5 </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">  Last</span> <span class="nx">»</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="example">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Example</a><a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Here is a simple example showing how to create pagination in one of your
<a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a> methods:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;pagination&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;base_url&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/index.php/test/page/&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;total_rows&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;per_page&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">pagination</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">initialize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">pagination</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">create_links</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="notes">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Notes</a><a class="headerlink" href="#notes" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config</span></code> array contains your configuration variables. It is passed to
the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;pagination-&gt;initialize()</span></code> method as shown above. Although
there are some twenty items you can configure, at minimum you need the
three shown. Here is a description of what those items represent:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><strong>base_url</strong> This is the full URL to the controller class/function
containing your pagination. In the example above, it is pointing to a
controller called “Test” and a function called “page”. Keep in mind
that you can <a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html"><span class="doc">re-route your URI</span></a> if you
need a different structure.</li>
<li><strong>total_rows</strong> This number represents the total rows in the result
set you are creating pagination for. Typically this number will be
the total rows that your database query returned.</li>
<li><strong>per_page</strong> The number of items you intend to show per page. In the
above example, you would be showing 20 items per page.</li>
</ul>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">create_links()</span></code> method returns an empty string when there is no
pagination to show.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="setting-preferences-in-a-config-file">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Setting preferences in a config file</a><a class="headerlink" href="#setting-preferences-in-a-config-file" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you prefer not to set preferences using the above method, you can
instead put them into a config file. Simply create a new file called
pagination.php, add the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config</span></code> array in that file. Then save the file
in <em>application/config/pagination.php</em> and it will be used automatically.
You will NOT need to use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;pagination-&gt;initialize()</span></code> if you save
your preferences in a config file.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="customizing-the-pagination">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Customizing the Pagination</a><a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-the-pagination" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The following is a list of all the preferences you can pass to the
initialization function to tailor the display.</p>
<p><strong>$config[uri_segment] = 3;</strong></p>
<p>The pagination function automatically determines which segment of your
URI contains the page number. If you need something different you can
specify it.</p>
<p><strong>$config[num_links] = 2;</strong></p>
<p>The number of “digit” links you would like before and after the selected
page number. For example, the number 2 will place two digits on either
side, as in the example links at the very top of this page.</p>
<p><strong>$config[use_page_numbers] = TRUE;</strong></p>
<p>By default, the URI segment will use the starting index for the items
you are paginating. If you prefer to show the the actual page number,
set this to TRUE.</p>
<p><strong>$config[page_query_string] = TRUE;</strong></p>
<p>By default, the pagination library assume you are using <a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html"><span class="doc">URI
Segments</span></a>, and constructs your links something
like:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">http</span><span class="o">://</span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">test</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">page</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">20</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you have <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['enable_query_strings']</span></code> set to TRUE your links
will automatically be re-written using Query Strings. This option can
also be explicitly set. Using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['page_query_string']</span></code> set to TRUE,
the pagination link will become:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">http</span><span class="o">://</span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="nx">c</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nx">test</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nx">page</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">per_page</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">20</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that “per_page” is the default query string passed, however can be
configured using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['query_string_segment']</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">'your_string'</span></code></p>
<p><strong>$config[reuse_query_string] = FALSE;</strong></p>
<p>By default your Query String arguments (nothing to do with other
query string options) will be ignored. Setting this config to
TRUE will add existing query string arguments back into the
URL after the URI segment and before the suffix.:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">http</span><span class="o">://</span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">test</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">page</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="nx">query</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nx">search</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="nx">term</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This helps you mix together normal <a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html"><span class="doc">URI Segments</span></a>
as well as query string arguments, which until 3.0 was not possible.</p>
<p><strong>$config[prefix] = ;</strong></p>
<p>A custom prefix added to the path. The prefix value will be right before
the offset segment.</p>
<p><strong>$config[suffix] = ;</strong></p>
<p>A custom suffix added to the path. The suffix value will be right after
the offset segment.</p>
<p><strong>$config[use_global_url_suffix] = FALSE;</strong></p>
<p>When set to TRUE, it will <strong>override</strong> the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['suffix']</span></code> value and
instead set it to the one that you have in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['url_suffix']</span></code> in
your <strong>application/config/config.php</strong> file.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="adding-enclosing-markup">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Adding Enclosing Markup</a><a class="headerlink" href="#adding-enclosing-markup" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>If you would like to surround the entire pagination with some markup you
can do it with these two preferences:</p>
<p><strong>$config[full_tag_open] = &lt;p&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The opening tag placed on the left side of the entire result.</p>
<p><strong>$config[full_tag_close] = &lt;/p&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The closing tag placed on the right side of the entire result.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="customizing-the-first-link">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Customizing the First Link</a><a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-the-first-link" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p><strong>$config[first_link] = First;</strong></p>
<p>The text you would like shown in the “first” link on the left. If you do
not want this link rendered, you can set its value to FALSE.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This value can also be translated via a language file.</p>
</div>
<p><strong>$config[first_tag_open] = &lt;div&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The opening tag for the “first” link.</p>
<p><strong>$config[first_tag_close] = &lt;/div&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The closing tag for the “first” link.</p>
<p><strong>$config[first_url] = ;</strong></p>
<p>An alternative URL to use for the “first page” link.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="customizing-the-last-link">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Customizing the Last Link</a><a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-the-last-link" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p><strong>$config[last_link] = Last;</strong></p>
<p>The text you would like shown in the “last” link on the right. If you do
not want this link rendered, you can set its value to FALSE.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This value can also be translated via a language file.</p>
</div>
<p><strong>$config[last_tag_open] = &lt;div&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The opening tag for the “last” link.</p>
<p><strong>$config[last_tag_close] = &lt;/div&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The closing tag for the “last” link.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="customizing-the-next-link">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Customizing the “Next” Link</a><a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-the-next-link" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p><strong>$config[next_link] = &amp;gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The text you would like shown in the “next” page link. If you do not
want this link rendered, you can set its value to FALSE.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This value can also be translated via a language file.</p>
</div>
<p><strong>$config[next_tag_open] = &lt;div&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The opening tag for the “next” link.</p>
<p><strong>$config[next_tag_close] = &lt;/div&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The closing tag for the “next” link.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="customizing-the-previous-link">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">Customizing the “Previous” Link</a><a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-the-previous-link" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p><strong>$config[prev_link] = &amp;lt;;</strong></p>
<p>The text you would like shown in the “previous” page link. If you do not
want this link rendered, you can set its value to FALSE.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This value can also be translated via a language file.</p>
</div>
<p><strong>$config[prev_tag_open] = &lt;div&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The opening tag for the “previous” link.</p>
<p><strong>$config[prev_tag_close] = &lt;/div&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The closing tag for the “previous” link.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="customizing-the-current-page-link">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Customizing the “Current Page” Link</a><a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-the-current-page-link" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p><strong>$config[cur_tag_open] = &lt;b&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The opening tag for the “current” link.</p>
<p><strong>$config[cur_tag_close] = &lt;/b&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The closing tag for the “current” link.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="customizing-the-digit-link">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">Customizing the “Digit” Link</a><a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-the-digit-link" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p><strong>$config[num_tag_open] = &lt;div&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The opening tag for the “digit” link.</p>
<p><strong>$config[num_tag_close] = &lt;/div&gt;;</strong></p>
<p>The closing tag for the “digit” link.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hiding-the-pages">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12">Hiding the Pages</a><a class="headerlink" href="#hiding-the-pages" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>If you wanted to not list the specific pages (for example, you only want
“next” and “previous” links), you can suppress their rendering by
adding:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;display_pages&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="adding-attributes-to-anchors">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">Adding attributes to anchors</a><a class="headerlink" href="#adding-attributes-to-anchors" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>If you want to add an extra attribute to be added to every link rendered
by the pagination class, you can set them as key/value pairs in the
“attributes” config:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Produces: class=&quot;myclass&quot;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;attributes&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;myclass&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Usage of the old method of setting classes via “anchor_class”
is deprecated.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="disabling-the-rel-attribute">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14">Disabling the “rel” attribute</a><a class="headerlink" href="#disabling-the-rel-attribute" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>By default the rel attribute is dynamically generated and appended to
the appropriate anchors. If for some reason you want to turn it off,
you can pass boolean FALSE as a regular attribute</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;attributes&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;rel&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id15">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Pagination">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Pagination</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Pagination" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Pagination::initialize">
<code class="descname">initialize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$params = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Pagination::initialize" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$params</strong> (<em>array</em>) Configuration parameters</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Pagination instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Pagination</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Initializes the Pagination class with your preferred options.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Pagination::create_links">
<code class="descname">create_links</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Pagination::create_links" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">HTML-formatted pagination</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns a “pagination” bar, containing the generated links or an empty string if theres just a single page.</p>
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<div class="section" id="template-parser-class">
<h1>Template Parser Class<a class="headerlink" href="#template-parser-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Template Parser Class can perform simple text substitution for
pseudo-variables contained within your view files.
It can parse simple variables or variable tag pairs.</p>
<p>If youve never used a template engine,
pseudo-variable names are enclosed in braces, like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">blog_title</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h3</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">blog_heading</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">h3</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">blog_entries</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h5</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">h5</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">blog_entries</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>These variables are not actual PHP variables, but rather plain text
representations that allow you to eliminate PHP from your templates
(view files).</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">CodeIgniter does <strong>not</strong> require you to use this class since
using pure PHP in your view pages lets them run a little faster.
However, some developers prefer to use a template engine if
they work with designers who they feel would find some
confusion working with PHP.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">The Template Parser Class is <strong>not</strong> a full-blown
template parsing solution. Weve kept it very lean on purpose in order
to maintain maximum performance.</p>
</div>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-template-parser-class" id="id1">Using the Template Parser Class</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-the-class" id="id2">Initializing the Class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parsing-templates" id="id3">Parsing templates</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#variable-pairs" id="id4">Variable Pairs</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#usage-notes" id="id5">Usage Notes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#view-fragments" id="id6">View Fragments</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id7">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="using-the-template-parser-class">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Using the Template Parser Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-template-parser-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="initializing-the-class">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Initializing the Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-the-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Like most other classes in CodeIgniter, the Parser class is initialized
in your controller using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;load-&gt;library()</span></code> method:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;parser&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once loaded, the Parser library object will be available using:
$this-&gt;parser</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="parsing-templates">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Parsing templates</a><a class="headerlink" href="#parsing-templates" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>You can use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code> method to parse (or render) simple templates,
like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;blog_title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My Blog Title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;blog_heading&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My Blog Heading&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parser</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog_template&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The first parameter contains the name of the <a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html"><span class="doc">view
file</span></a> (in this example the file would be called
blog_template.php), and the second parameter contains an associative
array of data to be replaced in the template. In the above example, the
template would contain two variables: {blog_title} and {blog_heading}</p>
<p>There is no need to “echo” or do something with the data returned by
$this-&gt;parser-&gt;parse(). It is automatically passed to the output class
to be sent to the browser. However, if you do want the data returned
instead of sent to the output class you can pass TRUE (boolean) as the
third parameter:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parser</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog_template&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="variable-pairs">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Variable Pairs</a><a class="headerlink" href="#variable-pairs" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The above example code allows simple variables to be replaced. What if
you would like an entire block of variables to be repeated, with each
iteration containing new values? Consider the template example we showed
at the top of the page:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">blog_title</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h3</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">blog_heading</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">h3</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">blog_entries</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h5</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">h5</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">p</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">blog_entries</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In the above code youll notice a pair of variables: {blog_entries}
data… {/blog_entries}. In a case like this, the entire chunk of data
between these pairs would be repeated multiple times, corresponding to
the number of rows in the “blog_entries” element of the parameters array.</p>
<p>Parsing variable pairs is done using the identical code shown above to
parse single variables, except, you will add a multi-dimensional array
corresponding to your variable pair data. Consider this example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;parser&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;blog_title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My Blog Title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;blog_heading&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My Blog Heading&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;blog_entries&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Title 1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;body&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Body 1&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Title 2&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;body&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Body 2&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Title 3&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;body&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Body 3&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Title 4&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;body&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Body 4&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Title 5&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;body&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Body 5&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parser</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog_template&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If your “pair” data is coming from a database result, which is already a
multi-dimensional array, you can simply use the database <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result_array()</span></code>
method:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SELECT * FROM blog&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;parser&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;blog_title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My Blog Title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;blog_heading&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My Blog Heading&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;blog_entries&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">result_array</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parser</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog_template&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="usage-notes">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Usage Notes</a><a class="headerlink" href="#usage-notes" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you include substitution parameters that are not referenced in your
template, they are ignored:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$template</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Hello, {firstname} {lastname}&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Mr&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;firstname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;John&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;lastname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Doe&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parser</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parse_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$template</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Result: Hello, John Doe</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you do not include a substitution parameter that is referenced in your
template, the original pseudo-variable is shown in the result:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$template</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Hello, {firstname} {initials} {lastname}&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Mr&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;firstname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;John&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;lastname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Doe&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parser</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parse_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$template</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Result: Hello, John {initials} Doe</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you provide a string substitution parameter when an array is expected,
i.e. for a variable pair, the substitution is done for the opening variable
pair tag, but the closing variable pair tag is not rendered properly:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$template</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Hello, {firstname} {lastname} ({degrees}{degree} {/degrees})&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;degrees&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Mr&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;firstname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;John&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;lastname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Doe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;titles&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;degree&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;BSc&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;degree&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;PhD&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parser</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parse_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$template</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Result: Hello, John Doe (Mr{degree} {/degrees})</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you name one of your individual substitution parameters the same as one
used inside a variable pair, the results may not be as expected:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$template</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Hello, {firstname} {lastname} ({degrees}{degree} {/degrees})&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;degree&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Mr&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;firstname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;John&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;lastname&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Doe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;degrees&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;degree&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;BSc&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;degree&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;PhD&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parser</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parse_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$template</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Result: Hello, John Doe (Mr Mr )</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="view-fragments">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">View Fragments</a><a class="headerlink" href="#view-fragments" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>You do not have to use variable pairs to get the effect of iteration in
your views. It is possible to use a view fragment for what would be inside
a variable pair, and to control the iteration in your controller instead
of in the view.</p>
<p>An example with the iteration controlled in the view:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$template</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;ul&gt;{menuitems}</span>
<span class="s1"> &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;{link}&quot;&gt;{title}&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;</span>
<span class="s1">{/menuitems}&lt;/ul&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;menuitems&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;First Link&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;link&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/first&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Second Link&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;link&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/second&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parser</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parse_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$template</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Result:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">ul</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">a</span> <span class="nx">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;/first&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">First</span> <span class="nx">Link</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">a</span> <span class="nx">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;/second&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">Second</span> <span class="nx">Link</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">ul</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>An example with the iteration controlled in the controller,
using a view fragment:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$temp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$template1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;{link}&quot;&gt;{title}&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;First Link&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;link&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/first&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Second Link&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;link&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/second&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data1</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$menuitem</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$temp</span> <span class="o">.=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parser</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parse_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$template1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$menuitem</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nv">$template</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;ul&gt;{menuitems}&lt;/ul&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;menuitems&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$temp</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parser</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">parse_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$template</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Result:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">ul</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">a</span> <span class="nx">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;/first&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">First</span> <span class="nx">Link</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">a</span> <span class="nx">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;/second&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">Second</span> <span class="nx">Link</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">a</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nx">li</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">ul</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Parser">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Parser</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Parser" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Parser::parse">
<code class="descname">parse</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$template</em>, <em>$data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$return = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Parser::parse" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$template</strong> (<em>string</em>) Path to view file</li>
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) Variable data</li>
<li><strong>$return</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to only return the parsed template</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Parsed template string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Parses a template from the provided path and variables.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Parser::parse_string">
<code class="descname">parse_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$template</em>, <em>$data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$return = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Parser::parse_string" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$template</strong> (<em>string</em>) Path to view file</li>
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) Variable data</li>
<li><strong>$return</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to only return the parsed template</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Parsed template string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method works exactly like <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code>, only it accepts
the template as a string instead of loading a view file.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Parser::set_delimiters">
<code class="descname">set_delimiters</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$l = '{'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$r = '}'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Parser::set_delimiters" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$l</strong> (<em>string</em>) Left delimiter</li>
<li><strong>$r</strong> (<em>string</em>) Right delimiter</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sets the delimiters (opening and closing) for a
pseudo-variable “tag” in a template.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="section" id="security-class">
<h1>Security Class<a class="headerlink" href="#security-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Security Class contains methods that help you create a secure
application, processing input data for security.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#xss-filtering" id="id1">XSS Filtering</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf" id="id2">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id3">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="xss-filtering">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">XSS Filtering</a><a class="headerlink" href="#xss-filtering" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>CodeIgniter comes with a Cross Site Scripting prevention filter, which
looks for commonly used techniques to trigger JavaScript or other types
of code that attempt to hijack cookies or do other malicious things.
If anything disallowed is encountered it is rendered safe by converting
the data to character entities.</p>
<p>To filter data through the XSS filter use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">xss_clean()</span></code> method:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">xss_clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>An optional second parameter, <em>is_image</em>, allows this function to be used
to test images for potential XSS attacks, useful for file upload
security. When this second parameter is set to TRUE, instead of
returning an altered string, the function returns TRUE if the image is
safe, and FALSE if it contained potentially malicious information that a
browser may attempt to execute.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">xss_clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// file failed the XSS test</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">If you want to filter HTML attribute values, use
<a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code></a> instead!</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="cross-site-request-forgery-csrf">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a><a class="headerlink" href="#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>You can enable CSRF protection by altering your <strong>application/config/config.php</strong>
file in the following way:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_protection&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you use the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html"><span class="doc">form helper</span></a>, then
<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_open()</span></code> will automatically insert a hidden csrf field in
your forms. If not, then you can use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_token_name()</span></code>
and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_hash()</span></code></p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$csrf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_csrf_token_name</span><span class="p">(),</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;hash&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_csrf_hash</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;hidden&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?=</span><span class="si">$csrf[&#39;name&#39;]</span><span class="s2">;?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?=</span><span class="si">$csrf[&#39;hash&#39;]</span><span class="s2">;?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Tokens may be either regenerated on every submission (default) or
kept the same throughout the life of the CSRF cookie. The default
regeneration of tokens provides stricter security, but may result
in usability concerns as other tokens become invalid (back/forward
navigation, multiple tabs/windows, asynchronous actions, etc). You
may alter this behavior by editing the following config parameter</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_regenerate&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Select URIs can be whitelisted from csrf protection (for example API
endpoints expecting externally POSTed content). You can add these URIs
by editing the csrf_exclude_uris config parameter:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_exclude_uris&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;api/person/add&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Regular expressions are also supported (case-insensitive):</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_exclude_uris&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;api/record/[0-9]+&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;api/title/[a-z]+&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Security">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Security</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Security::xss_clean">
<code class="descname">xss_clean</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$is_image = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::xss_clean" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) Input string or an array of strings</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">XSS-clean data</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Tries to remove XSS exploits from the input data and returns the cleaned string.
If the optional second parameter is set to true, it will return boolean TRUE if
the image is safe to use and FALSE if malicious data was detected in it.</p>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">This method is not suitable for filtering HTML attribute values!
Use <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code></a> for that instead.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Security::sanitize_filename">
<code class="descname">sanitize_filename</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$relative_path = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::sanitize_filename" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) File name/path</li>
<li><strong>$relative_path</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to preserve any directories in the file path</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Sanitized file name/path</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Tries to sanitize filenames in order to prevent directory traversal attempts
and other security threats, which is particularly useful for files that were supplied via user input.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">sanitize_filename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If it is acceptable for the user input to include relative paths, e.g.
<em>file/in/some/approved/folder.txt</em>, you can set the second optional parameter, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$relative_path</span></code> to TRUE.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">sanitize_filename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Security::get_csrf_token_name">
<code class="descname">get_csrf_token_name</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_csrf_token_name" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">CSRF token name</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the CSRF token name (the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['csrf_token_name']</span></code> value).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Security::get_csrf_hash">
<code class="descname">get_csrf_hash</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_csrf_hash" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">CSRF hash</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the CSRF hash value. Useful in combination with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_token_name()</span></code>
for manually building forms or sending valid AJAX POST requests.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Security::entity_decode">
<code class="descname">entity_decode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$charset = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::entity_decode" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
<li><strong>$charset</strong> (<em>string</em>) Character set of the input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Entity-decoded string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method acts a lot like PHPs own native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_entity_decode()</span></code> function in ENT_COMPAT mode, only
it tries to detect HTML entities that dont end in a semicolon because some browsers allow that.</p>
<p>If the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$charset</span></code> parameter is left empty, then your configured <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['charset']</span></code> value will be used.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Security::get_random_bytes">
<code class="descname">get_random_bytes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$length</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_random_bytes" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$length</strong> (<em>int</em>) Output length</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A binary stream of random bytes or FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>A convenience method for getting proper random bytes via <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mcrypt_create_iv()</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/dev/urandom</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()</span></code> (in that order), if one
of them is available.</p>
<p>Used for generating CSRF and XSS tokens.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The output is NOT guaranteed to be cryptographically secure,
just the best attempt at that.</p>
</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<h1>HTML Table Class<a class="headerlink" href="#html-table-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Table Class provides functions that enable you to auto-generate HTML
tables from arrays or database result sets.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-table-class" id="id1">Using the Table Class</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-the-class" id="id2">Initializing the Class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples" id="id3">Examples</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#changing-the-look-of-your-table" id="id4">Changing the Look of Your Table</a></li>
</ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id5">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="using-the-table-class">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Using the Table Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-table-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="initializing-the-class">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Initializing the Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-the-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Like most other classes in CodeIgniter, the Table class is initialized
in your controller using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;load-&gt;library()</span></code> method:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once loaded, the Table library object will be available using:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="examples">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Examples</a><a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Here is an example showing how you can create a table from a
multi-dimensional array. Note that the first array index will become the
table heading (or you can set your own headings using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_heading()</span></code>
method described in the function reference below).</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Size&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Fred&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Blue&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Small&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Mary&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Large&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;John&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Green&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Medium&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Here is an example of a table created from a database query result. The
table class will automatically generate the headings based on the table
names (or you can set your own headings using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_heading()</span></code>
method described in the class reference below).</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SELECT * FROM my_table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Here is an example showing how you might create a table using discrete
parameters:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_heading</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Size&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Fred&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Blue&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Small&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Mary&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Large&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;John&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Green&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Medium&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Here is the same example, except instead of individual parameters,
arrays are used:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_heading</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Size&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Fred&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Blue&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Small&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Mary&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Large&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;John&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Green&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Medium&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="changing-the-look-of-your-table">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Changing the Look of Your Table</a><a class="headerlink" href="#changing-the-look-of-your-table" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The Table Class permits you to set a table template with which you can
specify the design of your layout. Here is the template prototype:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$template</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;table_open&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;thead_open&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;thead&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;thead_close&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/thead&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;heading_row_start&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;tr&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;heading_row_end&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/tr&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;heading_cell_start&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;th&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;heading_cell_end&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/th&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;tbody_open&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;tbody&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;tbody_close&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;row_start&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;tr&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;row_end&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/tr&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;cell_start&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;td&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;cell_end&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/td&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;row_alt_start&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;tr&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;row_alt_end&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/tr&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;cell_alt_start&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;td&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;cell_alt_end&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/td&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;table_close&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/table&gt;&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_template</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$template</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Youll notice there are two sets of “row” blocks in the
template. These permit you to create alternating row colors or design
elements that alternate with each iteration of the row data.</p>
</div>
<p>You are NOT required to submit a complete template. If you only need to
change parts of the layout you can simply submit those elements. In this
example, only the table opening tag is being changed:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$template</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;table_open&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;mytable&quot;&gt;&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_template</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$template</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also set defaults for these in a config file.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Table">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Table</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Table" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="attribute">
<dt>
<code class="descname">$function = NULL</code></dt>
<dd><p>Allows you to specify a native PHP function or a valid function array object to be applied to all cell data.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_heading</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Size&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Fred&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;strong&gt;Blue&lt;/strong&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Small&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">function</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;htmlspecialchars&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In the above example, all cell data would be ran through PHPs <code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">htmlspecialchars()</span></code> function, resulting in:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">Fred</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;&amp;</span><span class="nx">lt</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="nx">strong</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">gt</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="nx">Blue</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">lt</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">strong</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">gt</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">Small</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Table::generate">
<code class="descname">generate</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$table_data = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Table::generate" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$table_data</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) Data to populate the table rows with</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML table</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns a string containing the generated table. Accepts an optional parameter which can be an array or a database result object.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Table::set_caption">
<code class="descname">set_caption</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$caption</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Table::set_caption" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$caption</strong> (<em>string</em>) Table caption</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Table instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Table</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to add a caption to the table.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_caption</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Colors&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Table::set_heading">
<code class="descname">set_heading</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$args = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>...</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Table::set_heading" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$args</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) An array or multiple strings containing the table column titles</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Table instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Table</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to set the table heading. You can submit an array or discrete params:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_heading</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Size&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_heading</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Size&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Table::add_row">
<code class="descname">add_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$args = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>...</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Table::add_row" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$args</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) An array or multiple strings containing the row values</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Table instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Table</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to add a row to your table. You can submit an array or discrete params:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Blue&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Green&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Blue&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Green&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you would like to set an individual cells tag attributes, you can use an associative array for that cell.
The associative key <strong>data</strong> defines the cells data. Any other key =&gt; val pairs are added as key=val attributes to the tag:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$cell</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;data&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Blue&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;highlight&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;colspan&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$cell</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Green&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// generates</span>
<span class="c1">// &lt;td class=&#39;highlight&#39; colspan=&#39;2&#39;&gt;Blue&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Red&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Green&lt;/td&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Table::make_columns">
<code class="descname">make_columns</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$array = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$col_limit = 0</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Table::make_columns" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$array</strong> (<em>array</em>) An array containing multiple rows data</li>
<li><strong>$col_limit</strong> (<em>int</em>) Count of columns in the table</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array of HTML table columns</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method takes a one-dimensional array as input and creates a multi-dimensional array with a depth equal to the number of columns desired.
This allows a single array with many elements to be displayed in a table that has a fixed column count. Consider this example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;one&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;two&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;three&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;four&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;five&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;six&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;seven&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;eight&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;nine&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ten&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;eleven&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;twelve&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$new_list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">make_columns</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$new_list</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Generates a table with this prototype</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">table</span> <span class="nx">border</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;0&quot;</span> <span class="nx">cellpadding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;4&quot;</span> <span class="nx">cellspacing</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;0&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">tr</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">one</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">two</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">three</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">tr</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">tr</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">four</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">five</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">six</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">tr</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">tr</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">seven</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">eight</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">nine</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">tr</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">tr</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">ten</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">eleven</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">twelve</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">td</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nx">tr</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">table</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Table::set_template">
<code class="descname">set_template</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$template</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Table::set_template" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$template</strong> (<em>array</em>) An associative array containing template values</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to set your template. You can submit a full or partial template.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$template</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;table_open&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; class=&quot;mytable&quot;&gt;&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_template</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$template</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Table::set_empty">
<code class="descname">set_empty</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Table::set_empty" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) Value to put in empty cells</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Table instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Table</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you set a default value for use in any table cells that are empty.
You might, for example, set a non-breaking space:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;&amp;nbsp;&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Table::clear">
<code class="descname">clear</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Table::clear" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">CI_Table instance (method chaining)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">CI_Table</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you clear the table heading and row data. If you need to show multiple tables with different data you should to call this method
after each table has been generated to clear the previous table information. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_heading</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Size&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Fred&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Blue&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Small&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Mary&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Large&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;John&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Green&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Medium&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">clear</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_heading</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Day&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Delivery&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Fred&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Wednesday&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Express&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Mary&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Monday&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Air&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;John&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Saturday&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Overnight&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="section" id="typography-class">
<h1>Typography Class<a class="headerlink" href="#typography-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The Typography Class provides methods that help you format text.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-typography-class" id="id1">Using the Typography Class</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-the-class" id="id2">Initializing the Class</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id3">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="using-the-typography-class">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Using the Typography Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-typography-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="initializing-the-class">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Initializing the Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-the-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Like most other classes in CodeIgniter, the Typography class is
initialized in your controller using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;load-&gt;library()</span></code> method:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;typography&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once loaded, the Typography library object will be available using:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">typography</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Typography">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Typography</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Typography" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="attribute">
<dt>
<code class="descname">$protect_braced_quotes = FALSE</code></dt>
<dd><p>When using the Typography library in conjunction with the <a class="reference internal" href="parser.html"><span class="doc">Template Parser library</span></a>
it can often be desirable to protect single and double quotes within curly braces.
To enable this, set the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">protect_braced_quotes</span></code> class property to TRUE.</p>
<p>Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;typography&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">typography</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">protect_braced_quotes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Typography::auto_typography">
<code class="descname">auto_typography</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$reduce_linebreaks = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Typography::auto_typography" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
<li><strong>$reduce_linebreaks</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to reduce consecutive linebreaks</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML typography-safe string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Formats text so that it is semantically and typographically correct HTML.
Takes a string as input and returns it with the following formatting:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>Surrounds paragraphs within &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; (looks for double line breaks to identify paragraphs).</li>
<li>Single line breaks are converted to &lt;br /&gt;, except those that appear within &lt;pre&gt; tags.</li>
<li>Block level elements, like &lt;div&gt; tags, are not wrapped within paragraphs, but their contained text is if it contains paragraphs.</li>
<li>Quotes are converted to correctly facing curly quote entities, except those that appear within tags.</li>
<li>Apostrophes are converted to curly apostrophe entities.</li>
<li>Double dashes (either like this or likethis) are converted to em—dashes.</li>
<li>Three consecutive periods either preceding or following a word are converted to ellipsis (…).</li>
<li>Double spaces following sentences are converted to non-breaking spaces to mimic double spacing.</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">typography</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">auto_typography</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>There is one optional parameter that determines whether the parser should reduce more than two consecutive line breaks down to two.
Pass boolean TRUE to enable reducing line breaks:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">typography</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">auto_typography</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Typographic formatting can be processor intensive, particularly if you have a lot of content being formatted.
If you choose to use this method you may want to consider <a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html"><span class="doc">caching</span></a> your pages.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Typography::format_characters">
<code class="descname">format_characters</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Typography::format_characters" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Formatted string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method is similar to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">auto_typography()</span></code> above, except that it only does character conversion:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>Quotes are converted to correctly facing curly quote entities, except those that appear within tags.</li>
<li>Apostrophes are converted to curly apostrophe entities.</li>
<li>Double dashes (either like this or likethis) are converted to em—dashes.</li>
<li>Three consecutive periods either preceding or following a word are converted to ellipsis (…).</li>
<li>Double spaces following sentences are converted to non-breaking spaces to mimic double spacing.</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">typography</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">format_characters</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Typography::nl2br_except_pre">
<code class="descname">nl2br_except_pre</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Typography::nl2br_except_pre" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) Input string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Formatted string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Converts newlines to &lt;br /&gt; tags unless they appear within &lt;pre&gt; tags.
This method is identical to the native PHP <code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">nl2br()</span></code> function, except that it ignores &lt;pre&gt; tags.</p>
<p>Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">typography</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">nl2br_except_pre</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
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<div class="section" id="unit-testing-class">
<h1>Unit Testing Class<a class="headerlink" href="#unit-testing-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Unit testing is an approach to software development in which tests are
written for each function in your application. If you are not familiar
with the concept you might do a little googling on the subject.</p>
<p>CodeIgniters Unit Test class is quite simple, consisting of an
evaluation function and two result functions. Its not intended to be a
full-blown test suite but rather a simple mechanism to evaluate your
code to determine if it is producing the correct data type and result.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-unit-testing-library" id="id1">Using the Unit Testing Library</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-the-class" id="id2">Initializing the Class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#running-tests" id="id3">Running Tests</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#generating-reports" id="id4">Generating Reports</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#strict-mode" id="id5">Strict Mode</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#enabling-disabling-unit-testing" id="id6">Enabling/Disabling Unit Testing</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#unit-test-display" id="id7">Unit Test Display</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-displayed-tests" id="id8">Customizing displayed tests</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-a-template" id="id9">Creating a Template</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id10">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="using-the-unit-testing-library">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Using the Unit Testing Library</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-unit-testing-library" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="initializing-the-class">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Initializing the Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-the-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Like most other classes in CodeIgniter, the Unit Test class is
initialized in your controller using the $this-&gt;load-&gt;library function:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;unit_test&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once loaded, the Unit Test object will be available using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;unit</span></code></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="running-tests">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Running Tests</a><a class="headerlink" href="#running-tests" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Running a test involves supplying a test and an expected result in the
following way:</p>
<blockquote>
<div>$this-&gt;unit-&gt;run(test, expected result, test name, notes);</div></blockquote>
<p>Where test is the result of the code you wish to test, expected result
is the data type you expect, test name is an optional name you can give
your test, and notes are optional notes. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$test</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$expected_result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$test_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Adds one plus one&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$test</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$expected_result</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$test_name</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The expected result you supply can either be a literal match, or a data
type match. Heres an example of a literal:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Foo&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Here is an example of a data type match:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Foo&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;is_string&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Notice the use of “is_string” in the second parameter? This tells the
function to evaluate whether your test is producing a string as the
result. Here is a list of allowed comparison types:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>is_object</li>
<li>is_string</li>
<li>is_bool</li>
<li>is_true</li>
<li>is_false</li>
<li>is_int</li>
<li>is_numeric</li>
<li>is_float</li>
<li>is_double</li>
<li>is_array</li>
<li>is_null</li>
<li>is_resource</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="generating-reports">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Generating Reports</a><a class="headerlink" href="#generating-reports" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>You can either display results after each test, or your can run several
tests and generate a report at the end. To show a report directly simply
echo or return the run function:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$test</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$expected_result</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To run a full report of all tests, use this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">report</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The report will be formatted in an HTML table for viewing. If you prefer
the raw data you can retrieve an array using:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="strict-mode">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Strict Mode</a><a class="headerlink" href="#strict-mode" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>By default the unit test class evaluates literal matches loosely.
Consider this example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The test is evaluating an integer, but the expected result is a boolean.
PHP, however, due to its loose data-typing will evaluate the above code
as TRUE using a normal equality test:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;This evaluates as true&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you prefer, you can put the unit test class in to strict mode, which
will compare the data type as well as the value:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;This evaluates as FALSE&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To enable strict mode use this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">use_strict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="enabling-disabling-unit-testing">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Enabling/Disabling Unit Testing</a><a class="headerlink" href="#enabling-disabling-unit-testing" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you would like to leave some testing in place in your scripts, but
not have it run unless you need it, you can disable unit testing using:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">active</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="unit-test-display">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Unit Test Display</a><a class="headerlink" href="#unit-test-display" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>When your unit test results display, the following items show by
default:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Test Name (test_name)</li>
<li>Test Datatype (test_datatype)</li>
<li>Expected Datatype (res_datatype)</li>
<li>Result (result)</li>
<li>File Name (file)</li>
<li>Line Number (line)</li>
<li>Any notes you entered for the test (notes)</li>
</ul>
<p>You can customize which of these items get displayed by using
$this-&gt;unit-&gt;set_test_items(). For example, if you only wanted the test name
and the result displayed:</p>
<div class="section" id="customizing-displayed-tests">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Customizing displayed tests</a><a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-displayed-tests" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_test_items</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;test_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;result&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="creating-a-template">
<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">Creating a Template</a><a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-template" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h4>
<p>If you would like your test results formatted differently then the
default you can set your own template. Here is an example of a simple
template. Note the required pseudo-variables:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot;&gt;</span>
<span class="s1">{rows}</span>
<span class="s1"> &lt;tr&gt;</span>
<span class="s1"> &lt;td&gt;{item}&lt;/td&gt;</span>
<span class="s1"> &lt;td&gt;{result}&lt;/td&gt;</span>
<span class="s1"> &lt;/tr&gt;</span>
<span class="s1">{/rows}</span>
<span class="s1">&lt;/table&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unit</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_template</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Your template must be declared <strong>before</strong> running the unit
test process.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Unit_test</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::set_test_items">
<code class="descname">set_test_items</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$items</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::set_test_items" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$items</strong> (<em>array</em>) List of visible test items</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sets a list of items that should be visible in tests.
Valid options are:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>test_name</li>
<li>test_datatype</li>
<li>res_datatype</li>
<li>result</li>
<li>file</li>
<li>line</li>
<li>notes</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::run">
<code class="descname">run</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$test</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$expected = TRUE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$test_name = 'undefined'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$notes = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::run" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$test</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) Test data</li>
<li><strong>$expected</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) Expected result</li>
<li><strong>$test_name</strong> (<em>string</em>) Test name</li>
<li><strong>$notes</strong> (<em>string</em>) Any notes to be attached to the test</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Test report</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Runs unit tests.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::report">
<code class="descname">report</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$result = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::report" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$result</strong> (<em>array</em>) Array containing tests results</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Test report</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Generates a report about already complete tests.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::use_strict">
<code class="descname">use_strict</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$state = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::use_strict" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$state</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Strict state flag</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Enables/disables strict type comparison in tests.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::active">
<code class="descname">active</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$state = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::active" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$state</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to enable testing</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Enables/disables unit testing.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::result">
<code class="descname">result</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$results = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::result" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$results</strong> (<em>array</em>) Tests results list</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Array of raw result data</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns raw tests results data.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Unit_test::set_template">
<code class="descname">set_template</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$template</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Unit_test::set_template" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$template</strong> (<em>string</em>) Test result template</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sets the template for displaying tests results.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="section" id="uri-class">
<h1>URI Class<a class="headerlink" href="#uri-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The URI Class provides methods that help you retrieve information from
your URI strings. If you use URI routing, you can also retrieve
information about the re-routed segments.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This class is initialized automatically by the system so there
is no need to do it manually.</p>
</div>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id1">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_URI">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_URI</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::segment">
<code class="descname">segment</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$n</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$no_result = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::segment" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) Segment index number</li>
<li><strong>$no_result</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) What to return if the searched segment is not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Segment value or $no_result value if not found</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to retrieve a specific segment. Where n is the segment
number you wish to retrieve. Segments are numbered from left to right.
For example, if your full URL is this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">http</span><span class="o">://</span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">news</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">local</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">metro</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">crime_is_up</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The segment numbers would be this:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>news</li>
<li>local</li>
<li>metro</li>
<li>crime_is_up</li>
</ol>
<p>The optional second parameter defaults to NULL and allows you to set the return value
of this method when the requested URI segment is missing.
For example, this would tell the method to return the number zero in the event of failure:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$product_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">segment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>It helps avoid having to write code like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">segment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$product_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$product_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">segment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::rsegment">
<code class="descname">rsegment</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$n</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$no_result = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::rsegment" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) Segment index number</li>
<li><strong>$no_result</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) What to return if the searched segment is not found</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Routed segment value or $no_result value if not found</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method is identical to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">segment()</span></code>, except that it lets you retrieve
a specific segment from your re-routed URI in the event you are
using CodeIgniters <a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html"><span class="doc">URI Routing</span></a> feature.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::slash_segment">
<code class="descname">slash_segment</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$n</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$where = 'trailing'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::slash_segment" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) Segment index number</li>
<li><strong>$where</strong> (<em>string</em>) Where to add the slash (trailing or leading)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Segment value, prepended/suffixed with a forward slash, or a slash if not found</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method is almost identical to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">segment()</span></code>, except it
adds a trailing and/or leading slash based on the second parameter.
If the parameter is not used, a trailing slash added. Examples:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">slash_segment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">slash_segment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;leading&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">slash_segment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;both&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Returns:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>segment/</li>
<li>/segment</li>
<li>/segment/</li>
</ol>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::slash_rsegment">
<code class="descname">slash_rsegment</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$n</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$where = 'trailing'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::slash_rsegment" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) Segment index number</li>
<li><strong>$where</strong> (<em>string</em>) Where to add the slash (trailing or leading)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Routed segment value, prepended/suffixed with a forward slash, or a slash if not found</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method is identical to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">slash_segment()</span></code>, except that it lets you
add slashes a specific segment from your re-routed URI in the event you
are using CodeIgniters <a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html"><span class="doc">URI Routing</span></a>
feature.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::uri_to_assoc">
<code class="descname">uri_to_assoc</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$n = 3</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::uri_to_assoc" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) Segment index number</li>
<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>array</em>) Default values</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Associative URI segments array</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method lets you turn URI segments into an associative array of
key/value pairs. Consider this URI:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">user</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">search</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">joe</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">location</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">UK</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">gender</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">male</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Using this method you can turn the URI into an associative array with
this prototype:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;joe&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;location&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;UK&#39;</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;gender&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;male&#39;</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The first parameter lets you set an offset, which defaults to 3 since your
URI will normally contain a controller/method pair in the first and second segments.
Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri_to_assoc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The second parameter lets you set default key names, so that the array
returned will always contain expected indexes, even if missing from the URI.
Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$default</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;gender&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;location&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;type&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;sort&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri_to_assoc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$default</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the URI does not contain a value in your default, an array index will
be set to that name, with a value of NULL.</p>
<p>Lastly, if a corresponding value is not found for a given key (if there
is an odd number of URI segments) the value will be set to NULL.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::ruri_to_assoc">
<code class="descname">ruri_to_assoc</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$n = 3</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::ruri_to_assoc" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) Segment index number</li>
<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>array</em>) Default values</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Associative routed URI segments array</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method is identical to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">uri_to_assoc()</span></code>, except that it creates
an associative array using the re-routed URI in the event you are using
CodeIgniters <a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html"><span class="doc">URI Routing</span></a> feature.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::assoc_to_uri">
<code class="descname">assoc_to_uri</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$array</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::assoc_to_uri" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$array</strong> (<em>array</em>) Input array of key/value pairs</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">URI string</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Takes an associative array as input and generates a URI string from it.
The array keys will be included in the string. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;product&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shoes&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;size&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;large&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">assoc_to_uri</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Produces: product/shoes/size/large/color/red</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::uri_string">
<code class="descname">uri_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::uri_string" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">URI string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns a string with the complete URI. For example, if this is your full URL:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">http</span><span class="o">://</span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">news</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">local</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">345</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The method would return this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">news</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">local</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">345</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::ruri_string">
<code class="descname">ruri_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::ruri_string" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Routed URI string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method is identical to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">uri_string()</span></code>, except that it returns
the re-routed URI in the event you are using CodeIgniters <a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html"><span class="doc">URI
Routing</span></a> feature.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::total_segments">
<code class="descname">total_segments</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::total_segments" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Count of URI segments</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">int</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the total number of segments.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::total_rsegments">
<code class="descname">total_rsegments</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::total_rsegments" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Count of routed URI segments</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">int</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method is identical to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">total_segments()</span></code>, except that it returns
the total number of segments in your re-routed URI in the event you are
using CodeIgniters <a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html"><span class="doc">URI Routing</span></a> feature.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::segment_array">
<code class="descname">segment_array</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::segment_array" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">URI segments array</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns an array containing the URI segments. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$segs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">uri</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">segment_array</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$segs</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$segment</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$segment</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;br /&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_URI::rsegment_array">
<code class="descname">rsegment_array</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_URI::rsegment_array" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Routed URI segments array</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>This method is identical to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">segment_array()</span></code>, except that it returns
the array of segments in your re-routed URI in the event you are using
CodeIgniters <a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html"><span class="doc">URI Routing</span></a> feature.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
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<div class="section" id="user-agent-class">
<h1>User Agent Class<a class="headerlink" href="#user-agent-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>The User Agent Class provides functions that help identify information
about the browser, mobile device, or robot visiting your site. In
addition you can get referrer information as well as language and
supported character-set information.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-user-agent-class" id="id1">Using the User Agent Class</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-the-class" id="id2">Initializing the Class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#user-agent-definitions" id="id3">User Agent Definitions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#example" id="id4">Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id5">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="using-the-user-agent-class">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Using the User Agent Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-user-agent-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="initializing-the-class">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Initializing the Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-the-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Like most other classes in CodeIgniter, the User Agent class is
initialized in your controller using the $this-&gt;load-&gt;library function:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;user_agent&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once loaded, the object will be available using: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;agent</span></code></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="user-agent-definitions">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">User Agent Definitions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#user-agent-definitions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The user agent name definitions are located in a config file located at:
application/config/user_agents.php. You may add items to the various
user agent arrays if needed.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="example">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Example</a><a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>When the User Agent class is initialized it will attempt to determine
whether the user agent browsing your site is a web browser, a mobile
device, or a robot. It will also gather the platform information if it
is available.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;user_agent&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">is_browser</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$agent</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">browser</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">version</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">is_robot</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$agent</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">robot</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">is_mobile</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$agent</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mobile</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$agent</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Unidentified User Agent&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$agent</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">platform</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// Platform info (Windows, Linux, Mac, etc.)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_User_agent">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_User_agent</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::is_browser">
<code class="descname">is_browser</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$key = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::is_browser" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>string</em>) Optional browser name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if the user agent is a (specified) browser, FALSE if not</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns TRUE/FALSE (boolean) if the user agent is a known web browser.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">is_browser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Safari&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;You are using Safari.&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">is_browser</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;You are using a browser.&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The string “Safari” in this example is an array key in the list of browser definitions.
You can find this list in <strong>application/config/user_agents.php</strong> if you want to add new
browsers or change the stings.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::is_mobile">
<code class="descname">is_mobile</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$key = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::is_mobile" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>string</em>) Optional mobile device name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if the user agent is a (specified) mobile device, FALSE if not</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns TRUE/FALSE (boolean) if the user agent is a known mobile device.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">is_mobile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;iphone&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;iphone/home&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">elseif</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">is_mobile</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;mobile/home&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">else</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;web/home&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::is_robot">
<code class="descname">is_robot</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$key = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::is_robot" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>string</em>) Optional robot name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if the user agent is a (specified) robot, FALSE if not</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns TRUE/FALSE (boolean) if the user agent is a known robot.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The user agent library only contains the most common robot definitions. It is not a complete list of bots.
There are hundreds of them so searching for each one would not be very efficient. If you find that some bots
that commonly visit your site are missing from the list you can add them to your
<strong>application/config/user_agents.php</strong> file.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::is_referral">
<code class="descname">is_referral</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::is_referral" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">TRUE if the user agent is a referral, FALSE if not</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">bool</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns TRUE/FALSE (boolean) if the user agent was referred from another site.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::browser">
<code class="descname">browser</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::browser" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Detected browser or an empty string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns a string containing the name of the web browser viewing your site.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::version">
<code class="descname">version</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::version" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Detected browser version or an empty string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns a string containing the version number of the web browser viewing your site.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::mobile">
<code class="descname">mobile</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::mobile" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Detected mobile device brand or an empty string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns a string containing the name of the mobile device viewing your site.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::robot">
<code class="descname">robot</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::robot" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Detected robot name or an empty string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns a string containing the name of the robot viewing your site.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::platform">
<code class="descname">platform</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::platform" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Detected operating system or an empty string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns a string containing the platform viewing your site (Linux, Windows, OS X, etc.).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::referrer">
<code class="descname">referrer</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::referrer" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Detected referrer or an empty string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The referrer, if the user agent was referred from another site. Typically youll test for this as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">is_referral</span><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">referrer</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::agent_string">
<code class="descname">agent_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::agent_string" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Full user agent string or an empty string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns a string containing the full user agent string. Typically it will be something like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">Mozilla</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">5.0</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">Macintosh</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">U</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">Intel</span> <span class="nx">Mac</span> <span class="nx">OS</span> <span class="nx">X</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">en</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">US</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">rv</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mf">1.8</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mf">0.4</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">Gecko</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">20060613</span> <span class="nx">Camino</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">2</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::accept_lang">
<code class="descname">accept_lang</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$lang = 'en'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::accept_lang" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$lang</strong> (<em>string</em>) Language key</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if provided language is accepted, FALSE if not</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you determine if the user agent accepts a particular language. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">accept_lang</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;en&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;You accept English!&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This method is not typically very reliable since some browsers do not provide language info,
and even among those that do, it is not always accurate.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::languages">
<code class="descname">languages</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::languages" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An array list of accepted languages</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns an array of languages supported by the user agent.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::accept_charset">
<code class="descname">accept_charset</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$charset = 'utf-8'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::accept_charset" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$charset</strong> (<em>string</em>) Character set</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if the character set is accepted, FALSE if not</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Lets you determine if the user agent accepts a particular character set. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">agent</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">accept_charset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;utf-8&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;You browser supports UTF-8!&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This method is not typically very reliable since some browsers do not provide character-set info,
and even among those that do, it is not always accurate.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::charsets">
<code class="descname">charsets</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::charsets" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An array list of accepted character sets</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns an array of character sets accepted by the user agent.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_User_agent::parse">
<code class="descname">parse</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_User_agent::parse" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$string</strong> (<em>string</em>) A custom user-agent string</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Parses a custom user-agent string, different from the one reported by the current visitor.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
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<div class="section" id="zip-encoding-class">
<h1>Zip Encoding Class<a class="headerlink" href="#zip-encoding-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>CodeIgniters Zip Encoding Class permits you to create Zip archives.
Archives can be downloaded to your desktop or saved to a directory.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-zip-encoding-class" id="id1">Using the Zip Encoding Class</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-the-class" id="id2">Initializing the Class</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#usage-example" id="id3">Usage Example</a></li>
</ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id4">Class Reference</a></li>
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<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="using-the-zip-encoding-class">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Using the Zip Encoding Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-zip-encoding-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="initializing-the-class">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Initializing the Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-the-class" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Like most other classes in CodeIgniter, the Zip class is initialized in
your controller using the $this-&gt;load-&gt;library function:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;zip&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once loaded, the Zip library object will be available using:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="usage-example">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Usage Example</a><a class="headerlink" href="#usage-example" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>This example demonstrates how to compress a file, save it to a folder on
your server, and download it to your desktop.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mydata1.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;A Data String!&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Write the zip file to a folder on your server. Name it &quot;my_backup.zip&quot;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">archive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/directory/my_backup.zip&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Download the file to your desktop. Name it &quot;my_backup.zip&quot;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">download</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_backup.zip&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
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</div>
<div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Zip">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Zip</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Zip" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><dl class="attribute">
<dt>
<code class="descname">$compression_level = 2</code></dt>
<dd><p>The compression level to use.</p>
<p>It can range from 0 to 9, with 9 being the highest and 0 effectively disabling compression:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">compression_level</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Zip::add_data">
<code class="descname">add_data</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$filepath</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$data = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Zip::add_data" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$filepath</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) A single file path or an array of file =&gt; data pairs</li>
<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) File contents (ignored if $filepath is an array)</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Adds data to the Zip archive. Can work both in single and multiple files mode.</p>
<p>When adding a single file, the first parameter must contain the name you would
like given to the file and the second must contain the file contents:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mydata1.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;A Data String!&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mydata2.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Another Data String!&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>When adding multiple files, the first parameter must contain <em>file =&gt; contents</em> pairs
and the second parameter is ignored:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;mydata1.txt&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;A Data String!&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;mydata2.txt&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Another Data String!&#39;</span>
<span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you would like your compressed data organized into sub-directories, simply include
the path as part of the filename(s):</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;personal/my_bio.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;I was born in an elevator...&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The above example will place my_bio.txt inside a folder called personal.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Zip::add_dir">
<code class="descname">add_dir</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$directory</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Zip::add_dir" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$directory</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) Directory name string or an array of multiple directories</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to add a directory. Usually this method is unnecessary since you can place
your data into directories when using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;zip-&gt;add_data()</span></code>, but if you would like
to create an empty directory you can do so:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myfolder&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Creates a directory called &quot;myfolder&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Zip::read_file">
<code class="descname">read_file</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$path</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$archive_filepath = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Zip::read_file" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) Path to file</li>
<li><strong>$archive_filepath</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) New file name/path (string) or (boolean) whether to maintain the original filepath</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to compress a file that already exists somewhere on your server.
Supply a file path and the zip class will read it and add it to the archive:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/photo.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">read_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$path</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Download the file to your desktop. Name it &quot;my_backup.zip&quot;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">download</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_backup.zip&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you would like the Zip archive to maintain the directory structure of
the file in it, pass TRUE (boolean) in the second parameter. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/photo.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">read_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Download the file to your desktop. Name it &quot;my_backup.zip&quot;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">download</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_backup.zip&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In the above example, photo.jpg will be placed into the <em>path/to/</em> directory.</p>
<p>You can also specify a new name (path included) for the added file on the fly:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/photo.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$new_path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/new/path/some_photo.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">read_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$new_path</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Download ZIP archive containing /new/path/some_photo.jpg</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">download</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_archive.zip&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Zip::read_dir">
<code class="descname">read_dir</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$path</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$preserve_filepath = TRUE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$root_path = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Zip::read_dir" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) Path to directory</li>
<li><strong>$preserve_filepath</strong> (<em>bool</em>) Whether to maintain the original path</li>
<li><strong>$root_path</strong> (<em>string</em>) Part of the path to exclude from the archive directory</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to compress a directory (and its contents) that already exists somewhere on your server.
Supply a path to the directory and the zip class will recursively read and recreate it as a Zip archive.
All files contained within the supplied path will be encoded, as will any sub-directories contained within it. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/your/directory/&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">read_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$path</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Download the file to your desktop. Name it &quot;my_backup.zip&quot;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">download</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_backup.zip&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>By default the Zip archive will place all directories listed in the first parameter
inside the zip. If you want the tree preceding the target directory to be ignored,
you can pass FALSE (boolean) in the second parameter. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/your/directory/&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">read_dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will create a ZIP with a directory named “directory” inside, then all sub-directories
stored correctly inside that, but will not include the <em>/path/to/your</em> part of the path.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Zip::archive">
<code class="descname">archive</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$filepath</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Zip::archive" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$filepath</strong> (<em>string</em>) Path to target zip archive</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Writes the Zip-encoded file to a directory on your server. Submit a valid server path
ending in the file name. Make sure the directory is writable (755 is usually OK).
Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">archive</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/folder/myarchive.zip&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Creates a file named myarchive.zip</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Zip::download">
<code class="descname">download</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$filename = 'backup.zip'</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Zip::download" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$filename</strong> (<em>string</em>) Archive file name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Causes the Zip file to be downloaded from your server.
You must pass the name you would like the zip file called. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">download</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;latest_stuff.zip&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// File will be named &quot;latest_stuff.zip&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Do not display any data in the controller in which you call
this method since it sends various server headers that cause the
download to happen and the file to be treated as binary.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Zip::get_zip">
<code class="descname">get_zip</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Zip::get_zip" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Zip file content</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the Zip-compressed file data. Generally you will not need this method unless you
want to do something unique with the data. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;my_bio.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;I was born in an elevator...&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$zip_file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_zip</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Zip::clear_data">
<code class="descname">clear_data</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Zip::clear_data" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">void</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The Zip class caches your zip data so that it doesnt need to recompile the Zip archive
for each method you use above. If, however, you need to create multiple Zip archives,
each with different data, you can clear the cache between calls. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;my_bio.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;I was born in an elevator...&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">add_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$zip_file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_zip</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">clear_data</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;photo.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">read_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;/path/to/photo.jpg&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Read the file&#39;s contents</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">zip</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">download</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myphotos.zip&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
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